Table 3.
Associations between COVID-19-related clinical practice and presenteeism
| Variable (missing data) | Presenteeism* | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||
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| n (%) | OR | (95% CI) | P value | OR | (95% CI) | P value | OR | (95% CI) | P value | |
| Approximately how many COVID-19 patients have you ever treated? (6) | ||||||||||
| None | 85 (7.8) | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
| 1–10 patients | 259 (14.5) | 2.00 | (1.55–2.59) | <0.001 | 1.76 | (1.34–2.30) | <0.001 | 1.61 | (1.23–2.12) | 0.001 |
| 11–50 patients | 133 (17.6) | 2.52 | (1.89–3.37) | <0.001 | 2.05 | (1.51–2.80) | <0.001 | 1.88 | (1.37–2.58) | <0.001 |
| ≥51 patients | 76 (22.2) | 3.36 | (2.40–4.71) | <0.001 | 2.84 | (1.98–4.07) | <0.001 | 2.44 | (1.68–3.52) | <0.001 |
| P value for trend† | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| What percentage of your working hours are spent treating COVID-19 patients? (16) | ||||||||||
| None | 156 (10.2) | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
| 1%–9% | 306 (15.8) | 1.65 | (1.35–2.03) | <0.001 | 1.56 | (1.26–1.93) | <0.001 | 1.43 | (1.15–1.78) | 0.001 |
| 10%–24% | 68 (17.9) | 1.93 | (1.41–2.63) | <0.001 | 1.86 | (1.34–2.56) | <0.001 | 1.70 | (1.22–2.36) | 0.002 |
| ≥25% | 23 (22.3) | 2.53 | (1.55–4.15) | <0.001 | 2.37 | (1.43–3.93) | <0.001 | 1.94 | (1.15–3.25) | 0.013 |
| P value for trend† | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| What is your current level of engagement with COVID-19 patients? (11) | ||||||||||
| No engagement | 261 (11.1) | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
| Minor engagement (second-line) | 247 (17.5) | 1.70 | (1.41–2.05) | <0.001 | 1.57 | (1.29–1.93) | 0.001 | 1.45 | (1.17–1.78) | 0.001 |
| Major engagement (front-line) | 45 (22.7) | 2.35 | (1.65–3.36) | <0.001 | 1.94 | (1.33–2.84) | <0.001 | 1.71 | (1.16–2.53) | 0.007 |
| P value for trend† | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Have you ever been engaged in COVID-19 vaccination services? (7) | ||||||||||
| No | 176 (14.1) | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
| Yes | 377 (13.9) | 0.98 | (0.81–1.19) | 0.840 | 0.96 | (0.79–1.18) | 0.697 | 0.94 | (0.77–1.16) | 0.560 |
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.
*Defined as a score of ≥21 points on the Work Functioning Impairment Scale.
†Based on logistic regression analysis with ordinal numbers assigned to each category.
Model 1: Univariate analysis.
Model 2: Adjusted for sex, age, specialty, hospital beds, work setting, and region.
Model 3: Additionally adjusted for overwork, off-duty, overnight work, and on-call.