Table 3. List of potential senolytic drugs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
| Agent | Pharmacological class | Effective target | Applicable area | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dasatinib | Tyrosine kinase inhibitors | It has a significant high affinity for BCR/ABL kinases, inhibits many kinases, including Src family kinases | Alveolar epithelial cells | (109) |
| Roxithromycin | Macrolide antibiotic | It inhibits NOX4-mediated ROS | Fibroblasts | (170) |
| Liproxstatin-1 | Radical-trapping antioxidant | It reduces the levels of ROS and MDA | Alveolar epithelial cells | (25) |
| PTUPB | COX-2/sEH dual inhibitor | It regulates COX-2/CYP-mediated ARA metabolic imbalance | Alveolar epithelial cells | (171) |
| STA-21 | STAT3 inhibitor | It inhibits STAT3 activity, attenuates IL-6 production, reduces p21 levels and restores normal mitochondrial function | Fibroblasts | (172) |
| Spermidine | naturally occurring polyamine | It reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis and activates autophagy in primary lung fibroblasts and in vivo | Alveolar epithelial cells and fibroblasts | (173) |
| TM5275 | PAI-1 inhibitor | It blocks TGF-β1-induced p16 expression and the secretion of SASP | Alveolar epithelial cells | (90) |
| IL-18BP | IL-18 binding protein | It inhibits lung fibroblast senescence by neutralizing IL-18 and promoting Klotho expression | Fibroblasts | (174) |
| Navitoclax (ABT263) | BCL-2 family inhibitors | It targets both the antiapoptotic proteins BCL-xL and BCL-2 | Alveolar epithelial cells | (175) |
| A1331852 and A1155463 | BCL-xL inhibitors | They bind to BCL-xL with high selectivity for closely related proteins such as BCL-2, BCL-W and MCL-1 | Fibroblasts | (176) |
| CPT1C | A key regulator of senescence | It reverses cellular senescence through the regulation of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function | Fibroblasts | (177) |
IL, interleukin; CPT1C, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; sEH, soluble epoxide hydrolase; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; ROS, reactive oxygen species; NOX4, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4; ROS, reactive oxygen species; MDA, methane dicarboxylic aldehyde; CYP, cytochrome P450; ARA, arachidonic acid; TGF, transforming growth factor; SASP, senescence-associated secretory phenotype; BCL-xL, B-cell lymphoma-extra-l; BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; MCL-1, myeloid cell leukemia-1.