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. 2023 Jan 30;14:1094877. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1094877

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Copyright © 2023 Nisar, Ross, Brown, Bentham, Best and Whiley.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of sampling processing methods (ISO11731:2017-05) on L. pneumophila culturability. L. pneumophila spiked water samples were membrane filtered (no pre-treatment used as control), followed by heat (50°C/30 min) and acid (KCl-HCl with pH 2.2/5 min) pre-treatment method. These pretreatment methods transformed ≈30% culturable Legionella into a non-culturable state. Data are the mean with standard deviation of five replicates, while the same letter within the same treatment is statistically similar according to Tukey’s HSD test (p < 0.001).