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. 2023 Jan 30;14:1094877. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1094877

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Copyright © 2023 Nisar, Ross, Brown, Bentham, Best and Whiley.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Detection and quantification of VBNC L. pneumophila from spiked water samples. All four spiked water samples were heated at 50°C for 15 min to generate VBNC Legionella. (A) Cytograms of four different water samples spiked with 4.5 × 10⁶ CFU/L L. pneumophila. Samples 3 and 4 generated the highest amount of VBNC cells. (B) qPCR of VBNC (collected injured fraction) Legionella taken from the four samples.