Table 4.
Baseline characteristics of participants with average daily smoking in the past 30 days.
| Characteristics | Average number of cigarettes smoked per day in the past 30 days | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Total (n = 6,264) |
Q1 (n = 1,475) |
Q2 (n = 1,085) |
Q3 (n = 1,869) |
Q4 (n = 1,835) |
||
| Age, year (mean, se) | 42.74 ± 0.27 | 39.27 ± 0.51 | 40.19 ± 0.60 | 43.22 ± 0.46 | 45.57 ± 0.44 | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (mean, se) | 28.10 ± 0.11 | 28.62 ± 0.27 | 28.26 ± 0.26 | 27.69 ± 0.18 | 28.09 ± 0.21 | 0.020 |
| Family PIR (mean, se) | 2.37 ± 0.04 | 2.39 ± 0.07 | 2.37 ± 0.07 | 2.40 ± 0.05 | 2.33 ± 0.06 | 0.790 |
| Gender ( n , %) | ||||||
| Male | 3,576 (54.34%) | 859 (57.56%) | 574 (48.70%) | 1,030 (49.96%) | 1,113 (58.89%) | < 0.001 |
| Female | 2,688 (45.66%) | 616 (42.44%) | 511 (51.30%) | 839 (50.04%) | 722 (41.11%) | |
| Race ( n , %) | ||||||
| Mexican American | 668 (6.13%) | 322 (14.95%) | 138 (8.74%) | 135 (3.88%) | 73 (1.65%) | < 0.001 |
| Other Hispanic | 1,588 (13.09%) | 426 (17.71%) | 425 (23.11%) | 486 (12.91%) | 251 (5.91%) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 3,108 (70.10%) | 424 (50.81%) | 365 (56.73%) | 986 (72.64%) | 1,333 (85.53%) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 423 (4.07%) | 164 (7.56%) | 78 (5.17%) | 109 (3.44%) | 72 (2.02%) | |
| Other races | 477 (6.61%) | 139 (8.96%) | 79 (6.25%) | 153 (7.13%) | 106 (4.90%) | |
| Education level ( n , %) | ||||||
| < 9th grade | 484 (4.83%) | 161 (6.39%) | 79 (4.05%) | 99 (3.29%) | 145 (5.62) | < 0.001 |
| 9–11th grade | 1,433 (18.89%) | 308 (16.06%) | 221 (16.13%) | 438 (19.34%) | 466 (21.44%) | |
| High school graduate | 1,890 (31.92%) | 361 (25.61%) | 323 (29.52%) | 588 (32.18%) | 618 (36.59%) | |
| Some college or AA degree | 1,871 (32.39%) | 451 (32.55%) | 353 (36.79%) | 573 (33.46%) | 494 (29.35%) | |
| College graduate or above | 586 (11.97%) | 194 (19.39%) | 109 (13.52%) | 171 (11.73%) | 112 (7.00%) | |
| Marital status ( n , %) | ||||||
| Married | 2,312 (39.81%) | 532 (38.83%) | 376 (35.87%) | 655 (37.85%) | 749 (43.94) | < 0.001 |
| Widowed | 321 (3.94%) | 63 (3.06%) | 46 (2.98%) | 116 (5.16%) | 96 (3.80%) | |
| Divorced | 964 (14.33%) | 185 (10.01%) | 143 (12.75%) | 308 (15.70%) | 328 (16.45%) | |
| Separated | 327 (4.25%) | 77 (3.91%) | 59 (4.69%) | 97 (3.79%) | 94 (4.67%) | |
| Never married | 1,430 (22.46%) | 413 (29.15%) | 292 (26.27%) | 403 (20.91%) | 322 (18.08%) | |
| Living with partner | 910 (15.21%) | 205 (15.05%) | 169 (17.43%) | 290 (16.59%) | 246 (13.06%) | |
| Diabetes ( n , %) | ||||||
| No | 5,554 (91.24%) | 1,321 (92.80%) | 966 (91.70%) | 1,677 (92.08%) | 1,590 (89.34%) | 0.030 |
| Borderline | 121 (1.68%) | 31 (1.65%) | 30 (2.03%) | 28 (1.55%) | 32 (1.67%) | |
| Yes | 589 (7.07%) | 123 (5.54%) | 89 (6.27%) | 164 (6.37%) | 213 (8.99%) | |
| Failing kidneys ( n , %) | ||||||
| Yes | 160 (2.17%) | 32 (2.04%) | 29 (2.12%) | 43 (1.87%) | 56 (2.55%) | 0.580 |
| No | 6,104 (97.83%) | 1,443 (97.96%) | 1,056 (97.88%) | 1,826 (98.13%) | 1,779 (97.45%) | |
| Heart failure ( n , %) | ||||||
| Yes | 179 (2.22%) | 38 (2.30%) | 30 (2.01%) | 50 (2.07%) | 61 (2.40%) | 0.880 |
| No | 6,085 (97.78%) | 1,437 (97.70%) | 1,055 (97.99%) | 1,819 (97.93%) | 1,774 (97.60%) | |
| Coronary heart disease ( n , %) | ||||||
| Yes | 203 (2.95%) | 38 (2.57%) | 22 (1.62%) | 58 (3.28%) | 85 (3.49%) | 0.080 |
| No | 6,061 (97.05%) | 1,437 (97.43%) | 1,063 (98.38%) | 1,811 (96.72%) | 1,750 (96.51%) | |
| Emphysema ( n , %) | ||||||
| Yes | 276 (4.03%) | 26 (1.73%) | 24 (1.80%) | 80 (3.78%) | 146 (6.65%) | < 0.001 |
| No | 5,988 (95.97%) | 1,449 (98.27%) | 1,061 (98.20%) | 1,789 (96.22%) | 1,689 (93.35%) | |
| Chronic bronchitis ( n , %) | ||||||
| Yes | 620 (10.36%) | 82 (6.02%) | 82 (9.43%) | 202 (10.30%) | 254 (13.45%) | < 0.001 |
| No | 5,644 (89.64%) | 1,393 (93.98%) | 1,003 (90.57%) | 1,667 (89.70%) | 1,581 (86.55%) | |
| Cancer or malignancy ( n , %) | ||||||
| Yes | 456 (7.96%) | 83 (6.16%) | 60 (5.99%) | 136 (8.17%) | 177 (9.76%) | 0.010 |
| No | 5,808 (92.04%) | 1,392 (93.84%) | 1,025 (94.01%) | 1,733 (91.83%) | 1,658 (90.24%) | |
| Depression ( n , %) | ||||||
| Yes | 976 (14.70%) | 176 (11.33%) | 150 (12.48%) | 286 (15.02%) | 364 (17.47%) | < 0.001 |
| No | 5,288 (85.30%) | 1,299 (88.67%) | 935 (87.52%) | 1,583 (84.98%) | 1,471 (82.53%) | |
Continuous variables are mean and variance, and categorical variables are proportions and confidence intervals.
Q1, 1st quartile smoking volume (< 5 cigarettes per day); Q2, 2nd quartile smoking volume (5–9 cigarettes per day); Q3, 3rd quartile smoking volume (10–19 cigarettes per day); Q4, 4th quartile smoking volume (over 19 cigarettes per day).