Table 5.
Univariate analysis of depressive symptoms in the study population based on average daily smoking in the past 30 days.
| Characteristics | Statistics | OR, 95%CI, P-value |
|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 42.74 ± 0.27 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) 0.731 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.10 ± 0.11 | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) 0.002 |
| Family PIR | 2.37 ± 0.04 | 0.70 (0.65–0.75) < 0.001 |
| Gender ( n , %) | ||
| Male | 3,576 (54.34%) | 1 |
| Female | 2,688 (45.66%) | 2.31 (1.96–2.71) < 0.001 |
| Race ( n , %) | ||
| Mexican American | 668 (6.13%) | 1 |
| Other Hispanic | 1,588 (13.09%) | 1.60 (1.10–2.32) 0.015 |
| Non-Hispanic white | 3,108 (70.10%) | 1.15 (0.87–1.51) 0.336 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 423 (4.07%) | 1.23 (0.93–1.62) 0.150 |
| Other races | 477 (6.61%) | 1.38 (0.97–1.96) 0.079 |
| Education level ( n , %) | ||
| < 9th grade | 484 (4.83%) | 1 |
| 9–11th grade | 1,433 (18.89%) | 0.80 (0.61–1.06) 0.118 |
| High school graduate | 1,890 (31.92%) | 0.57 (0.44–0.74) < 0.001 |
| Some college or AA degree | 1,871 (32.39%) | 0.57 (0.43–0.76) < 0.001 |
| College graduate or above | 586 (11.97%) | 0.27 (0.17–0.41) < 0.001 |
| Marital status ( n , %) | ||
| Married | 2,312 (39.81%) | 1 |
| Widowed | 321 (3.94%) | 2.35 (1.53–3.60) < 0.001 |
| Divorced | 964 (14.33%) | 2.04 (1.60–2.61) < 0.001 |
| Separated | 327 (4.25%) | 3.15 (2.44–4.08) < 0.001 |
| Never married | 1,430 (22.46%) | 1.53 (1.21–1.93) < 0.001 |
| Living with partner | 910 (15.21%) | 1.43 (1.11–1.84) 0.007 |
| Diabetes ( n , %) | ||
| No | 5,554 (91.24%) | 1 |
| Borderline | 121 (1.68%) | 1.05 (0.60–1.83) 0.876 |
| Yes | 589 (7.07%) | 1.72 (1.33–2.22) < 0.001 |
| Failing kidneys ( n , %) | ||
| No | 6,104 (97.83%) | 1 |
| Yes | 160 (2.17%) | 4.01 (2.64–6.07) < 0.001 |
| Heart failure ( n , %) | ||
| No | 6,085 (97.78%) | 1 |
| Yes | 179 (2.22%) | 2.15 (1.41–3.27) < 0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease ( n , %) | ||
| No | 6,061 (97.05%) | 1 |
| Yes | 203 (2.95%) | 1.75 (1.15–2.66) 0.011 |
| Emphysema ( n , %) | ||
| No | 5,988 (95.97%) | 1 |
| Yes | 276 (4.03%) | 2.84 (2.09–3.85) < 0.001 |
| Chronic bronchitis ( n , %) | ||
| No | 5,644 (89.64%) | 1 |
| Yes | 620 (10.36%) | 2.76 (2.16–3.53) < 0.001 |
| Cancer or malignancy ( n , %) | ||
| No | 5,808 (92.04%) | 1 |
| Yes | 456 (7.96%) | 1.71 (1.27–2.29) < 0.001 |
| Average daily smoking in the past 30 days | ||
| Q1 | 1,475 (23.5%) | 1 |
| Q2 | 1,085 (17.3%) | 1.12 (0.80–1.55) 0.515 |
| Q3 | 1,869 (29.8%) | 1.38 (1.04–1.85)0.030 |
| Q4 | 1,835 (29.3%) | 1.66 (1.29–2.12) < 0.001 |
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
Continuous variables are mean and variance, and categorical variables are proportions and confidence intervals.
Q1, 1st quartile smoking volume (< 5 cigarettes per day); Q2, 2nd quartile smoking volume (5–9 cigarettes per day); Q3, 3rd quartile smoking volume (10–19 cigarettes per day); Q4, 4th quartile smoking volume (over 19 cigarettes per day).