Table 7.
Baseline characteristics of participants with smoking cessation.
| Characteristics | Smoking cessation duration | P | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Total (n = 13,651) |
Q0 (n = 6,321) |
Q1 (n = 1,965) |
Q2 (n = 1,861) |
Q3 (n = 1,707) |
Q4 (n = 1,797) |
||
| Age, year (mean, se) | 48.65 ± 0.27 | 42.76 ± 0.27 | 41.16 ± 0.47 | 50.39 ± 0.40 | 58.81 ± 0.40 | 67.55 ± 0.32 | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (mean, se) | 29.06 ± 0.09 | 28.10 ± 0.11 | 29.70 ± 0.23 | 29.92 ± 0.21 | 30.14 ± 0.23 | 29.67 ± 0.23 | < 0.001 |
| Family PIR (mean, se) | 2.84 ± 0.03 | 2.37 ± 0.04 | 2.95 ± 0.06 | 3.19 ± 0.05 | 3.42 ± 0.06 | 3.43 ± 0.06 | < 0.001 |
| Gender ( n , %) | |||||||
| Male | 8,019 (55.80%) | 3,607 (54.31%) | 1,119 (57.43%) | 1,082 (55.29%) | 1,024 (56.22%) | 1,187 (56.22%) | 0.080 |
| Female | 5,632 (44.20%) | 2,714 (45.69%) | 846 (42.57%) | 779 (44.71%) | 683 (43.78%) | 610 (43.78%) | |
| Race ( n , %) | |||||||
| Mexican American | 1,691 (6.30%) | 688 (6.32%) | 333 (8.94%) | 280 (7.02%) | 217 (5.24%) | 173 (3.09%) | < 0.001 |
| Other Hispanic | 1,080 (4.18%) | 430 (4.09%) | 186 (5.62%) | 164 (4.25%) | 160 (4.00%) | 140 (2.79%) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 7,028 (74.12%) | 3,118 (69.81%) | 954 (72.54%) | 936 (75.62%) | 897 (78.73%) | 1,123 (85.54%) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 2,820 (9.55%) | 1,599 (13.08%) | 318 (6.98%) | 319 (6.96%) | 316 (7.25%) | 268 (5.28%) | |
| Other races | 1,032 (5.84%) | 486 (6.70%) | 174 (5.93%) | 162 (6.14%) | 117 (4.77%) | 93 (3.30%) | |
| Education level ( n , %) | |||||||
| < 9th grade | 1,260 (4.95%) | 491 (4.86%) | 169 (4.20%) | 199 (5.07%) | 180 (5.19%) | 221 (5.8) | < 0.001 |
| 9–11th grade | 2,417 (13.80%) | 1,443 (18.84%) | 276 (10.31%) | 277 (10.80%) | 231 (9.69%) | 190 (7.45%) | |
| High school graduate | 3,621 (27.49%) | 1,905 (31.89%) | 481 (24.58%) | 430 (23.49%) | 420 (24.54%) | 385 (22.70%) | |
| Some college or AA degree | 4,130 (32.57%) | 1,883 (32.34%) | 684 (37.59%) | 566 (33.17%) | 491 (30.28%) | 506 (28.65%) | |
| College graduate or above | 2,223 (21.19%) | 599 (12.06%) | 355 (23.33%) | 389 (27.47%) | 385 (30.30%) | 495 (35.37%) | |
| Marital status ( n , %) | |||||||
| Married | 6,678 (52.43%) | 2,343 (39.94%) | 920 (48.65%) | 1,118 (64.78%) | 1,113 (70.98%) | 1,184 (69.8) | < 0.001 |
| Widowed | 1,025 (5.46%) | 323 (3.93%) | 96 (3.02%) | 152 (5.47%) | 179 (7.06%) | 275 (12.55%) | |
| Divorced | 1,904 (12.89%) | 968 (14.29%) | 248 (11.96%) | 258 (12.44%) | 231 (12.04%) | 199 (10.32%) | |
| Separated | 532 (2.92%) | 330 (4.24%) | 72 (2.19%) | 58 (2.48%) | 44 (1.67%) | 28 (0.82%) | |
| Never married | 2,151 (15.83%) | 1,440 (22.40%) | 385 (21.03%) | 164 (8.72%) | 95 (5.35%) | 67 (3.99%) | |
| Living with partner | 1,361 (10.46%) | 917 (15.18%) | 244 (13.14%) | 111 (6.11%) | 45 (2.91%) | 44 (2.47%) | |
| Diabetes ( n , %) | |||||||
| No | 11,401 (87.30%) | 5,607 (91.27%) | 1,689 (88.71%) | 1,466 (84.46%) | 1,272 (80.98%) | 1,367 (80.69%) | < 0.001 |
| Borderline | 354 (2.31%) | 122 (1.68%) | 47 (2.59%) | 64 (2.67%) | 70 (3.44%) | 51 (2.72%) | |
| Yes | 1,896 (10.38%) | 592 (7.05%) | 229 (8.71%) | 331 (12.87%) | 365 (15.58%) | 379 (16.58%) | |
| Failing kidneys ( n , %) | |||||||
| No | 13,150 (97.17%) | 6,161 (97.84%) | 1,908 (97.80%) | 1,780 (97.14%) | 1,621 (96.04%) | 1,680 (95.07%) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 501 (2.83%) | 160 (2.16%) | 57 (2.20%) | 81 (2.86%) | 86 (3.96%) | 117 (4.93%) | |
| Heart failure ( n , %) | |||||||
| No | 13,100 (97.03%) | 6,140 (97.79%) | 1,887 (97.25%) | 1,752 (95.88%) | 1,632 (97.05%) | 1,689 (95.32%) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 551 (2.97%) | 181 (2.21%) | 78 (2.75%) | 109 (4.12%) | 75 (2.95%) | 108 (4.68%) | |
| Coronary heart disease ( n , %) | |||||||
| No | 12,921 (95.42%) | 6,112 (97.01%) | 1,872 (96.53%) | 1,741 (94.67%) | 1,580 (93.49%) | 1,616 (91.02%) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 730 (4.58%) | 209 (2.99%) | 93 (3.47%) | 120 (5.33%) | 127 (6.51%) | 181 (8.98%) | |
| Emphysema ( n , %) | |||||||
| No | 13,083 (96.37%) | 6,045 (96.00%) | 1,890 (96.71%) | 1,761 (95.73%) | 1,642 (97.03%) | 1,745 (97.38%) | 0.130 |
| Yes | 568 (3.63%) | 276 (4.00%) | 75 (3.29%) | 100 (4.27%) | 65 (2.97%) | 52 (2.62%) | |
| Chronic bronchitis ( n , %) | |||||||
| No | 12,478 (91.41%) | 5,699 (89.70%) | 1,812 (93.17%) | 1,709 (92.00%) | 1,582 (92.69%) | 1,676 (93.46%) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 1,173 (8.59%) | 622 (10.30%) | 153 (6.83%) | 152 (8.00%) | 125 (7.31%) | 121 (6.54%) | |
| Cancer or malignancy ( n , %) | |||||||
| No | 12,090 (88.15%) | 5,861 (92.01%) | 1,826 (93.10%) | 1,631 (88.12%) | 1,414 (81.82%) | 1,358 (74.10%) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 1,561 (11.85%) | 460 (7.99%) | 139 (6.90%) | 230 (11.88%) | 293 (18.18%) | 439 (25.90%) | |
| Depression ( n , %) | |||||||
| Yes | 1,560 (10.35%) | 982 (14.69%) | 206 (8.37%) | 152 (6.30%) | 126 (6.24%) | 94 (5.90%) | |
| No | 12,091 (89.65%) | 5,339 (85.31%) | 1,759 (91.63%) | 1,709 (93.70%) | 1,581 (93.76%) | 1,703 (94.10%) | |
Continuous variables are mean and variance, and categorical variables are proportions and confidence intervals.
Q0, not quit smoking (0 days); Q1, 1st quartile of smoking cessation duration (< 5 years); Q2, 2nd quartile of smoking cessation duration (5–15 years); Q3, 3rd quartile of smoking cessation duration (15–29 years); Q4, 4th quartile of smoking cessation duration (>29 years).