Table 3.

Hindrance factors in learning with Danmu videos.

Factors	Items	Mean	Standard deviation
Attention failure	Danmu diverts myself from the watching experience of the original video	3.53	1.09
	Danmu distracts me from my studies	3.18	1.12
	Danmu is not conducive to me being fully engaged when I study	2.79	1.06
	It is difficult for me to engage in my work when my views are not in line with those in Danmu	2.88	1.12
	I am easily distracted from my study time by Danmu	3.3	1.14
	Mean = 3.13, SD = 0.91
Visual obstacle	The format of Danmu is unattractive	2.71	0.9
	Danmu obscures the content of the original video	2.91	1.13
	The colorfulness Danmu is unattractive	3.36	1.12
	Mean = 3, SD = 0.93
Information pollution	There is information in Danmu that is not relevant to learning	3.94	0.85
	There are repetitive messages in Danmu	4.21	0.75
	There are emotional messages in Danmu	3.68	1.01
	There are negative messages in Danmu	3.47	1.04
	There is no valuable information in Danmu	3.85	0.92
	Mean = 3.83, SD = 0.75