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. 2023 Jan 12;15(1):e33703. doi: 10.7759/cureus.33703

Table 3. Summary of Original Articles – Methodology.

Study by Parameters
  Objective Method Used Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria
Mark et al. [5] Understand pornography consumption as a form of leisure activity. Explore the educational benefits of this consumption, related to their sexual desires and identities, and learn new sexual techniques.  The lead author conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews, averaging 65 minutes, in a private interview room. Questions on pornography included: why they watched it; their attitudes towards it; their history of watching pornography; how they accessed it; frequency of consumption; and their perspectives on how it impacted them. Religious upbringing was not part of the interview schedule but was discussed when raised by participants. A criterion for eligibility in the study was that participants did not identify as ‘exclusively heterosexual’ or ‘exclusively homosexual’, measured on a Kinsey-type nine-point scale of sexuality. Participants identified as ‘exclusively heterosexual’ or ‘exclusively homosexual were excluded.
Razwan et al. [6] To investigate the association between the consumption of online pornography and socio-behavioral patterns among students from a private university in Bangladesh. 299 undergraduate students (70.6% male) at the First Capital University of Bangladesh were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The study participants were recruited, inclusive, between 03 April and 10 May 2016.  Nil
López et al. [7] Impact of audio description on porn reception Participants were allocated into three experimental groups: – UM-AV: 25 students watched and heard the scenes in their audiovisual version. – UM-AD: 22 students listened to the audio-described version without images (original audio + AD, black screen). – once: 22 visually impaired participants listened to the audio-described version (original audio + AD, black screen).   Two porn scenes were selected as stimuli for the experiment. Clips were treated as one 12-min video to give enough time for the physiological reactions to unveil. The two scenes were presented in randomized order. Instruments Five self-report questionnaires were used to measure the participants’ subjective feeling component of emotion.   The criterion for inclusion in the one is having, at least, one of the following visual conditions in both eyes and a reliable prognosis of no visual improvement: (a) visual acuity equal to or less than 0.1 obtained with the best possible optical correction, (b) visual field reduced to 10 degrees or less. Nil
Burtaverde et al. [8] Reasons for pornography consumption using a bottom-up approach (i.e., open-ended questionnaire) Study 1: why do people say they watch porn?   276 undergraduate psychology students were asked: “why do you watch pornography?” All the participants were asked to list the three most important reasons for watching pornography; Study 2: personality and patterns of pornography consumption 322 undergraduate students were asked to rate the importance of each of the 78 reasons identified in Study 1. Demographic data were also collected. Socio-sexuality, used as an indicator of short-term mating orientation, was measured; Study 3: Confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity.   Identified reasons were used for watching pornography, consisting of 78 items, for measuring reasons for pornography consumption. Four sexual fantasies and eight dimensions of sexual disgust were also measured. Endorsement of pornography consumption, assessed via one item (i.e., “do you watch pornography?”). Those who endorsed Burta˘verde (Burtaverde) et al. 3 this item was included in the study. Nil
Jacobs et al. [9] How pornography consumption correlates with sexual functioning in young men. A 118-item questionnaire was developed, including demography, medical history, alcohol, and drug usage, sexual preferences, ED, masturbation, pornography consumption, and partner satisfaction. An online, Web-based survey was created using the Qualtrics platform and tested several times by the team members. The link to the questionnaire was spread. Data was collected to evaluate the association between PPC and ED.   Nil Nil
Niki et al. [10] Compare the prevalence of survey respondents’ event-level sexual behaviors with those depicted in mainstream pornography online videos; compare event-level condom use with condom use in pornographic videos; event-level orgasm with a prevalence of orgasms in pornographic videos; and assess whether respondents’ partnered use of pornography was associated with the sexual behaviors in which they report engaging. This study utilized two large and distinct datasets. The sample of Americans’ most recent sexual experiences is from the 2014 national survey of sexual health and behavior (NSSHB-Wave 4) Individuals were randomly selected and recruited via mailing and telephone to join the panel. Nil
Josep et al. [11] To explore whether dispositional, developmental, and social variables predict pornography use and to evaluate whether these variables not only predict pornography use but also moderate the extent to which pornography use predicts criterion variables. Survey-based research. Nil Nil
Davide et al. [12] To explore adolescent pornography consumption and its association with sexual development in early and middle adolescence. Data for this study were collected as longitudinal research via a questionnaire from school-going adolescents. Nil   Nil
Christina et al. [13] To explore the potential relationship between compulsive use of pornography and mental health in university students. An anonymous survey was sent via the university Student‘s email address to all students taking classes at Franciscan University.  Before completing the survey, participants aged 18 years and above were directed to a consent form to analyze and publish the overall results. Any individual younger than 18 years of age, not a student at the Franciscan University of Steubenville, who responded “No” or did not complete the consent question and who did not complete the survey question regarding their age and did not provide a response for the last time they viewed pornography were excluded from the study.