Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants for Analysis of Death/Dementia/Persistent Physical Disability by eGFR Variability, With Variability According to Tertiles of Standard Deviation
|
Variable |
Standard Deviation of eGFR (eGFR Variability) |
Overall | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (0.01-3.07) | T2 (3.07-5.85) | T3 (>5.85) | ||
| Number of participants | 4,183 | 4,183 | 4,183 | 12,549 |
| Age (y), mean (SD) | 75.1 (4.2) | 75.2 (4.3) | 75.0 (4.3) | 75.1 (4.3) |
| Female, n (%) | 2,199 (52.6%) | 2,212 (52.9%) | 2,446 (58.5%) | 6,857 (54.6%) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| White | 4,050 (96.8%) | 4,044 (96.7%) | 3,947 (94.4%) | 12,041 (96.0%) |
| Black | 35 (0.8%) | 36 (0.9%) | 135 (3.2%) | 206 (1.6%) |
| Hispanic | 44 (1.1%) | 39 (0.9%) | 43 (1.0%) | 126 (1.0%) |
| Asian | 29 (0.7%) | 48 (1.1%) | 33 (0.8%) | 110 (0.9%) |
| Other | 25 (0.6%) | 16 (0.4%) | 25 (0.6%) | 66 (0.5%) |
| Aspirin treatment assignment, n (%) | 2,063 (49.3%) | 2,061 (49.3%) | 2,112 (50.5%) | 6,236 (49.7%) |
| Kidney function (BL-AV2) | ||||
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2), mean (SD) | 74.4 (14.6) | 70.9 (12.9) | 70.3 (10.8) | 71.9 (13.0) |
| ACR (mg/g), median (IQR) | 8.0 (5.0-14.2) | 8.0 (5.0-14.2) | 8.3 (5.3-15.3) | 8.0 (5.0-14.5) |
| Serum creatinine level (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.2) |
| Mean (BL-AV2) SBP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 138.4 (13.3) | 138.3 (13.6) | 137.9 (13.8) | 138.2 (13.6) |
| Mean (BL-AV2) DBP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 76.2 (7.9) | 75.9 (8.1) | 75.4 (8.2) | 75.8 (8.1) |
| BMI, n (%) | ||||
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 20 (0.5%) | 23 (0.5%) | 18 (0.4%) | 61 (0.5%) |
| 18.5-25 kg/m2 | 1,117 (26.7%) | 1,035 (24.7%) | 1,025 (24.5%) | 3,177 (25.3%) |
| 25-30 kg/m2 | 1,910 (45.7%) | 1,918 (45.9%) | 1,869 (44.7%) | 5,697 (45.4%) |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 1,136 (27.2%) | 1,207 (28.9%) | 1,271 (30.4%) | 3,614 (28.8%) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 203.2 (37.4) | 202.9 (37.4) | 203.3 (38.5) | 203.2 (37.7) |
| LDL (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 118.9 (33.3) | 118.4 (33.7) | 118.2 (34.4) | 118.5 (33.8) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 379 (9.1%) | 409 (9.8%) | 470 (11.2%) | 1,258 (10.0%) |
| Baseline frailty, n (%)a | ||||
| Not frail | 2,636 (63.0%) | 2,648 (63.3%) | 2,540 (60.7%) | 7,824 (62.3%) |
| Prefrail | 1,480 (35.4%) | 1,477 (35.3%) | 1,563 (37.4%) | 4,520 (36.0%) |
| Frail | 67 (1.6%) | 58 (1.4%) | 80 (1.9%) | 205 (1.6%) |
| Antihypertension drug use | ||||
| ACEi/ARBs, n (%) | ||||
| No use at BL or AV1 | 2,329 (55.7%) | 2,255 (53.9%) | 2,041 (48.8%) | 6,625 (52.8%) |
| BL or AV1 | 110 (2.6%) | 141 (3.4%) | 157 (3.8%) | 408 (3.3%) |
| Both BL and AV1 | 1,744 (41.7%) | 1,787 (42.7%) | 1,985 (47.5%) | 5,516 (44.0%) |
| Diuretics, n (%) | ||||
| No use at BL or AV1 | 3,390 (81.0%) | 3,365 (80.4%) | 3,201 (76.5%) | 9,956 (79.3%) |
| BL or AV1 | 70 (1.7%) | 77 (1.8%) | 103 (2.5%) | 250 (2.0%) |
| Both BL and AV1 | 723 (17.3%) | 741 (17.7%) | 879 (21.0%) | 2343 (18.7%) |
Abbreviations: ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ACR, albumin-creatinine ratio; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; AV1, first annual visit; AV2, second annual visit; BL, baseline; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation.
Frailty/prefrailty: participants were classified as frail if they met at least 3 of the following criteria and prefrail if they met 1 or 2 of the criteria: (1) BMI < 20 kg/m2; (2) lowest 20% of grip strength taking into account sex and BMI; (3) the participant endorsed “I felt that everything I did was an effort” and/or “I could not get going” for 3 or more days during the last week, according to the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression 10 scale; (4) time to walk 3 m (10 ft) was in the lowest 20% taking into account sex and height; and (5) no walking outside the home in the last 2 weeks, or the longest amount of time walking outside without sitting down to rest was less than 10 min, according to Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders study Disability questionnaire responses.