Table 2.

Prevalence of Besnoitia species in livestock and wildlife from sub-Saharan Africa between 1960 and 2021.

Country	Species	Host	Total examined	Total positive	Prevalence (%)	Diagnostic method	References
Namibia	B. besnoiti	African lion	59	2	3.4	ELISA and immunoblot	Seltmann et al., 2020
Namibia	B. besnoiti	Blue wildebeest	20	4	20.0	ELISA and immunoblot	Seltmann et al., 2020
Mozambique	B. besnoiti	Cattle	94	37	34.9	IFAT	Alsacia et al., 2017
Nigeria	B. besnoiti	Cattle	100	2	2.0	Histopathology	Zango et al., 2016
Nigeria	B. besnoiti	Cattle	400	321	80.3	IFAT	Sambo et al., 2014
Nigeria	B. besnoiti	Cattle	400	126	31.5	Clinical examination	Sambo et al., 2011
Nigeria	B. besnoiti	Cattle	400	321	80.3	IFAT	Sambo et al., 2011
Nigeria	Besnoitia sp.	Cattle	1780	60	3.4	Histopathology	Igbokwe et al., 2009
Nigeria	B. caprae	Goats	145	1	0.07	Histopathology	Sambo et al., 2007
Kenya	B. caprae	Goat	38477	4909	12.76	Histology	Njenga et al., 1999a
Kenya	B. besnoiti	Cattle	2340	260	11.0	Histology	Njenga et al., 1999a
Kenya	B. caprae	Goat	533	248	46.53	Clinical examination	Bwangamoi et al., 1989
Kenya	B. caprae	Sheep	55	3	5.45	Clinical examination	Bwangamoi et al., 1989
South Africa	B. besnoiti	Cattle	303	165	54.5	ELISA	Janitschke et al., 1984
South Africa	B. besnoiti	Cattle	303	187	61.7	IFAT	Janitschke et al., 1984
Uganda	B. besnoiti	Cattle	15	6	40	Histopathology	Bwangamoi, 1968
South Africa	B. besnoiti	Cattle	333	36	10.8	Clinical examination	Bigalke and Schoeman, 1967
South Africa	B. besnoiti	Cattle	1777	176	10.47	Histology	Bigalke and Naude, 1962