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. 2023 Feb 9;11(2):e004871. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004871

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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CAMB suppresses mTORC1, augments autophagy and reduces TIC numbers. (A) Western blots for mTORC1 pathway proteins in OVCAR5, ES2 and ID8agg cells treated with chlorambucil (μM dose indicated) for 48 hours. (B) Western blot for LC3I/II to assess autophagy in cell lysates treated±chlorambucil (µM dose) at indicated concentrations. (C) Percent ALDH^hi TIC by flow cytometry in ES2 cells cultured±chlorambucil. Percent CD44⁺CD24⁺ ID8agg TIC and CD44⁺CD133⁺CD24⁺ B16 TIC with chlorambucil 2.5 µM treated with 48 hours detected by flow cytometry. Summary statistics graph for each cell line shown. (D) Summary graph of TIC number in ID8agg tumors assessed by flow cytometry after treatment with chlorambucil (1 mg/kg) from day 7 to day 28 as described above. CAMB, chlorambucil; VC, vehicle control.