Table 1.
Participant characteristics and adjusted ORs associated with IGRA positivity
| Total (N=5837) N (%)* |
IGRA(+) (N=1792) N (%)** |
IGRA(−) (N=4000) N (%)** |
Indeterminate (N=45) N (%)** |
aOR (95% CI) |
P value† | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 3463 (59.3) | 1048 (30.3) | 2392 (69.1) | 23 (0.7) | Ref | |
| Male | 2374 (40.7) | 744 (31.3) | 1608 (67.7) | 22 (0.9) | 1.51 (1.28 to 1.78) | <0.001 |
| Age‡ | ||||||
| <15 years | 1136/5834 (19.5) | 134/1792 (11.8) | 997/3997 (87.8) | 5/45 (0.4) | 0.18 (0.13 to 0.26) | <0.001 |
| 15–29 years | 891/5834 (15.3) | 195/1792 (21.9) | 687/3997 (77.1) | 9/45 (1.0) | 0.56 (0.42 to 0.75) | <0.001 |
| 30–44 years | 1290/5834 (22.1) | 418/1792 (32.4) | 864/3997 (67.0) | 8/45 (0.6) | Ref | |
| 45–59 years | 1679/5834 (28.8) | 704/1792 (41.9) | 957/3997 (57.0) | 18/45 (1.1) | 1.30 (1.05 to 1.60) | 0.018 |
| ≥60 years | 838/5834 (14.4) | 341/1792 (40.7) | 492/3997 (58.7) | 5/45 (0.6) | 1.06 (0.80 to 1.40) | 0.673 |
| Median age (IQR) | 40 (20–55) | 49 (35–58) | 35 (15–52) | 45 (24–54) | ||
| Study site | ||||||
| Ho Chi Minh City | 4840 (82.9) | 1603 (33.1) | 3200 (66.1) | 37 (0.8) | Ref | |
| Hai Phong | 997 (17.1) | 189 (19.0) | 800 (80.2) | 8 (0.8) | 0.69 (0.40 to 1.20) | 0.186 |
| Screening location | ||||||
| Community screening event | 3257 (55.8) | 993 (30.5) | 2244 (68.9) | 20 (0.6) | Ref | |
| Primary care centre | 2580 (44.2) | 799 (31.0) | 1756 (68.1) | 25 (1.0) | 0.88 (0.69 to 1.13) | 0.325 |
| Target group | ||||||
| Household and close contacts | 2431 (41.7) | 897 (36.9) | 1495 (61.5) | 39 (1.6) | 1.11 (0.67 to 1.82) | 0.690 |
| Vulnerable community members | 2995 (51.3) | 821 (27.4) | 2168 (72.4) | 6 (0.2) | Ref | |
| Healthcare workers | 411 (7.0) | 74 (18.0) | 337 (82.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.34 (0.24 to 0.48) | <0.001 |
| Urbanisation | ||||||
| Urban | 3827 (65.6) | 1135 (29.7) | 2669 (69.7) | 23 (0.6) | Ref | |
| Periurban | 2010 (34.4) | 657 (32.7) | 1331 (66.2) | 22 (1.1) | 0.55 (0.36 to 0.85) | 0.007 |
| Residency status§ | ||||||
| Grade 1 | 3116/3444 (90.5) | 799/907 (25.6) | 2294/2511 (73.6) | 23/26 (0.7) | Ref | |
| Grade 2 | 91/3444 (2.6) | 27/907 (29.7) | 62/2511 (68.1) | 2/26 (2.2) | 1.08 (0.66 to 1.74) | 0.765 |
| Grade 3 | 202/3444 (5.9) | 68/907 (33.7) | 134/2511 (66.3) | 0/26 (0.0) | 1.36 (0.96 to 1.92) | 0.083 |
| Grade 4 | 35/3444 (1.0) | 13/907 (37.1) | 21/2511 (60.0) | 1/26 (2.9) | 1.54 (0.73 to 3.26) | 0.260 |
| Social health insurance‡ | ||||||
| No | 563/5832 (9.7) | 180/1790 (32.0) | 376/3997 (66.8) | 7/45 (1.2) | Ref | |
| Yes | 5269/5832 (90.4) | 1610/1790 (30.6) | 3621/3997 (68.7) | 38/45 (0.7) | 1.11 (0.84 to 1.46) | 0.473 |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||
| No/unknown | 5670 (97.1) | 1721 (30.4) | 3906 (68.9) | 43 (0.8) | Ref | |
| Yes | 167 (2.9) | 71 (42.5) | 94 (56.3) | 2 (1.2) | 1.15 (0.75 to 1.76) | 0.516 |
| History of TB | ||||||
| No/unknown | 5775 (98.9) | 1764 (30.6) | 3967 (68.7) | 44 (0.8) | Ref | |
| Yes | 62 (1.1) | 28 (45.2) | 33 (53.2) | 1 (1.6) | 1.93 (0.96 to 3.86) | 0.063 |
| Any TB symptoms¶‡ | ||||||
| No | 3531 (60.5) | 1012 (28.7) | 2499 (70.8) | 20 (0.6) | Ref | |
| Yes | 2306 (39.5) | 780 (33.8) | 1501 (65.1) | 25 (1.1) | 0.96 (0.80 to 1.15) | 0.635 |
| Chest X-ray result | ||||||
| Normal | 5502 (94.3) | 1693 (30.8) | 3768 (68.5) | 41 (0.8) | Ref | |
| Abnormal | 134 (2.3) | 78 (58.2) | 56 (41.8) | 0 (0.0) | 2.23 (1.38 to 3.61) | 0.001 |
| No chest X-ray | 201 (3.4) | 21 (10.5) | 176 (87.6) | 4 (2.0) | 0.28 (0.15 to 0.51) | <0.001 |
*Per cent of total.
†Wald test.
‡N sizes listed due to missing values.
§Residency grade definitions: 1=permanent resident; 2=long-term intraprovince temporary resident; 3=short-term, intraprovince temporary resident; 4=short-term, interprovince temporary resident.
¶Includes cough of any duration, fever, night sweats and weight loss.
**Per cent of row total.
aOR, adjusted OR; IGRA, interferon-γ release assay; TB, tuberculosis.