Table 3.
Factors associated with performing diagnostic fast
| Variable N=145* |
Diagnostic fast N=69 |
No diagnostic fast N=76 |
P value |
| Age at presentation (years), median (IQR) | 1.94 (1.23–3.60) | 2.12 (1.20–3.96) | 0.51† |
| Sex, % female (n) | 62% (43) | 49% (37) | 0.13‡ |
| Race, % White (n) | 68% (47) | 57% (43) | 0.17‡ |
| Ethnicity, % Hispanic (n) | 0% (0) | 3.9% (3) | 0.25‡ |
| Weight-for-age percentile, median (IQR), N=140 | 29.2 (10.5–59.5) | 30.5 (14.0–54.5) | 0.61† |
| Height-for-age percentile, median (IQR), N=141 | 22.0 (7.2–55.0) | 29.3 (9.0–60.0) | 0.55† |
| Weight status category, % (n), N=140 | 0.68‡ | ||
| Underweight | 15% (10) | 11% (8) | |
| Normal | 74% (50) | 72% (52) | |
| Overweight/obese | 12% (8) | 17% (12) | |
| Prior history of hypoglycaemia, % (n) | 23% (16) | 17% (13) | 0.41‡ |
| Medical/surgical history, % (n) | 42% (29) | 53% (40) | 0.25‡ |
| Abnormal physical examination findings, % (n) | 5.8% (4) | 5.3% (4) | >0.99‡ |
| Presenting illness features, % (n) | |||
| Gastroenteritis | 29% (20) | 21% (16) | 0.34‡ |
| Vomiting | 36% (25) | 51% (39) | 0.09‡ |
| Diarrhoea | 17% (12) | 11% (8) | 0.34‡ |
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 25% (17) | 20% (15) | 0.55‡ |
| Otitis media | 1.5% (1) | 4.0% (3) | 0.62‡ |
| Fever | 30% (21) | 30% (23) | >0.99‡ |
| Other | 15% (10) | 11% (8) | 0.62‡ |
| Illness duration (days), median (IQR), N=123 | 2 (1–5) | 2 (1–4) | 0.58† |
| History of decreased oral intake (days), median (IQR), N=78 | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.73† |
| Symptomatic hypoglycaemia at presentation, % (n) | 71% (49) | 58% (44) | 0.12‡ |
| Autonomic symptoms | 4.4% (3) | 6.6% (5) | 0.72‡ |
| Neuroglycopenic symptoms | 70% (48) | 55% (42) | 0.09‡ |
| Labs at initial presentation | |||
| Plasma glucose (mmol/L(mg/dL)), median (IQR) | 2.2 (1.8–2.7) (40 (32–49)) |
2.6 (2.3–3.0) (47 (41–55)) |
0.002† |
| Plasma glucose<2.8 mmol/L (<50 mg/dL), % (n) | 80% (55) | 62% (47) | 0.03‡ |
| Positive plasma or urine ketones, % (n), N=82 | 83% (29) | 94% (44) | 0.16‡ |
| Serum bicarbonate (mmol/L), mean±SD, N=91 | 17±4.0 | 16±4.0 | 0.26§ |
| Other abnormal findings on presenting or baseline evaluation,¶ % (n), N=111 | 38% (22) | 47% (25) | 0.34‡ |
*Unless otherwise noted.
†Wilcoxon rank sum test.
‡Fisher’s exact test.
§T-test.
¶Including transaminases, lactate, ammonia, cortisol, growth hormone, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, acylcarnitine profile, carnitine profile, urine organic acids.