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. 2022 Oct 29;12(1):8–35. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.10.003

Fig. 1.

Fig 1

Summary of the main regulatory mechanisms by which exercise sustains health. Exercise impacts the major hallmarks of health, including the integrity of barriers, containment of local perturbations, recycling and turnover, integration of circuitries, rhythmic oscillations, homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, as well as repair and regeneration.