TABLE 4.

Patient Characteristics Associated With ICU Admission (n = 2775)

Factor	Adjusted for Severity of Illness		Multivariable a
	Odds Ratio	95% CI	Odds Ratio	95% CI
Gender
Female	1.0	Ref	1.0	Ref
Male	1.10	0.87–1.39	1.10	0.76–1.59
Age at index admission, y
13–18	1.0	Ref	1.0	Ref
8–13	0.95	0.77–1.18	1.56	0.77–3.18
3–8	1.89	1.26–2.84	0.91	0.65–1.26
Race b
White	1.0	Ref	1.0	Ref
African American	1.25	1.01–1.53	1.55	1.05–2.29
Asian	1.05	0.69–1.60	1.74	0.91–3.32
American Indian/Pacific Islander	0.10	0.02–0.43	0.07	0.01–0.50
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic	1.0	Ref	1.0	Ref
Hispanic	1.23	0.96–1.57	2.07	1.40–3.05
Medical insurance type
Private	1.0	Ref	1.0	Ref
Government	0.88	0.72–1.08	0.68	0.50–0.92
Self-pay	0.66	0.35–1.23	0.52	0.21–1.29
Hospital volume of SLE
Quartile 4 (highest)	1.0	Ref	1.0	Ref
Quartile 3	0.99	0.79–1.23	1.04	0.70–1.54
Quartile 2	1.01	0.79–1.29	1.39	0.90–2.13
Quartile 1 (lowest)	0.99	0.72–1.36	1.67	1.04–2.68
Location of PHIS hospital
South	1.0	Ref	1.0	Ref
Midwest	0.76	0.60–0.96	0.93	0.61–1.43
West	0.69	0.55–0.88	0.81	0.52–1.26
Northeast	0.77	0.58–1.03	0.81	0.50–1.32

CI, confidence interval.

^aOther/unknown variables of ethnicity (n = 1102), race (n = 483), and medical insurance type (n = 338).

^b P < .05 when adjusted for severity of illness.