TABLE 1.

Examples of the Influences, Processes, and Behaviors of Pediatric Self-management

Domains	Influences		Processes	Behaviors
	Nonmodifiable a	Modifiable
Individual	• Age • Gender • Developmental level • Cognitive functioning (eg, IQ) • Sociocultural factors (eg, race/ethnicity, SES, religion)	• Disease and treatment knowledge • Child internalizing/ externalizing symptoms • Coping style • Health beliefs and perceptions (eg, self-efficacy, perceived stigma)	• Determining health care needs • Seeking disease- and treatment-related information • Communication with the medical team	• Taking medications or treatments • Attending clinic appointments • Refilling prescriptions • Self-monitoring of symptoms • Lifestyle modifications • Behavioral compliance with parental instructions and medical procedures • Self-care (eg, dressing changes) • Health care utilization
Family (eg, caregivers, siblings, extended family)	• Parent marital status • Family structure • Cognitive functioning (eg, IQ) • Insurance coverage • Income • Education • Sociocultural factors (eg, race/ethnicity, SES, religion)	• Disease and treatment knowledge • Family internalizing/externalizing symptoms • Family coping style • Health beliefs and perceptions • Family functioning • Relationship quality • Parental monitoring and supervision • Parental involvement	• Determining child’s health care needs • Seeking disease- and treatment-related information • Allocation of treatment responsibility • Behavioral management (eg, reinforcement) • Management of stress, physical, and psychological functioning within the family • Communication with the medical team	• Giving medications or treatments • Attending clinic appointments • Refilling prescriptions • Monitoring of symptoms • Supporting lifestyle modifications • Parental support and supervision of treatments • Providing access to recommended therapies (eg, nutrition, physical activity) • Sibling/extended family support and behavioral compliance with parental requests • Respite care • Health care utilization
Community	• Neighborhood • Availability of health and wellness resources within communities and schools	• Peer support • Social stigma • School-based accommodations related to health • Availability of social networking	• Learning about patient’s disease and treatments • Degree of social acceptability of disease • Provision of support for treatment regimens • Collective beliefs • School reintegration	• Provision of support for treatment regimens • Engagement in patient’s disease-related activities (eg, camps) • Use of social networks • Community support
Health care system	• Availability of health care resources (eg, access, health insurance)	• Patient-provider communication • Frequency of clinic visits • Medical training models	• Modification of communication styles • Shared decision-making	• Patient advocacy • Legislation/health care reform • Health care provider training in sociocultural factors

^aNonmodifiable factors are defined as those that are not typically targeted in intervention but may be used to target subgroups for intervention or stratify intervention samples.