TABLE 2.
Within-Clinician Antibiotic Prescribing Rate by Patient Race
| Antibiotic Prescribing a (n) b | OR, Black versus Nonblack (95% CI) c | P Value | Standardized Probability % (95% CI) d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black | Nonblack | |||
| Overall (363 049) | 0.75 (0.72–0.77) | <.001 | 23.5 (22.5–24.5) | 29.0 (28.1–30.0) |
| Broad-spectrum (81 056) | 0.88 (0.82–0.93) | <.001 | 34.0 (31.5–36.5) | 36.9 (34.8–39.0) |
| Broad-spectrum, AOM (37 701) | 0.75 (0.68–0.83) | <.001 | 31.7 (28.6–34.8) | 37.8 (35.6–40.0) |
| Broad-spectrum, GAS (7964) | 0.89 (0.61–1.32) | .567 | 7.5 (4.6–10.4) | 8.3 (6.7–10.0) |
| Broad-spectrum, sinusitis (9863) | 0.97 (0.84–1.11) | .661 | 44.0 (38.5–49.4) | 44.7 (40.6–48.8) |
| Broad-spectrum, pneumonia (3038) | 1.00 (0.71–1.40) | .953 | 17.2 (12.3–22.1) | 17.1 (13.7–20.4) |
AOM, acute otitis media; GAS, group A streptococcal pharyngitis.
Excluding preventive encounters and encounters by children with complex chronic conditions; for analyses of broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing, encounters by children with antibiotic allergies or antibiotic use within the prior 3 mo were additionally excluded.
Total visits used for the analysis.
ORs were adjusted and probabilities of antibiotic receipt were standardized for age, gender, age-gender interaction, and Medicaid insurance.
For example, standardized probabilities predict that 31.6% of black children diagnosed with AOM and given an antibiotic would receive a broad-spectrum antibiotic prescription versus 37.8% of nonblack children diagnosed with AOM by the same clinician.