Table 4.
The rates of antimicrobial resistance to selected antibiotics in HAIs-causing pathogens in intensive care units
| Antimicrobial resistance | Microorganism | Adult ICU | Pediatric ICU | Neonatal ICU |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbapenem resistance, % | Acinetobacter baumannii | 92 (78–96) | 89 (75–100) | 94 (91–100) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 59 (30–83) | 66 (0–71) | 62 (0–100) | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 58 (35–71) | 64 (46–100) | 39 (10–70) | |
| Escherichia coli | 10 (3–21) | 26 (0–35) | 6 (0–8) | |
| Colistin resistance, % | Acinetobacter baumannii | 7 (0–11) | 11 (0–50) | 3 (0–5) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 6 (1–10) | 8 (0–33) | 6 (0–13) | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 26 (8–38) | 11 (0–73) | 36 (3–67) | |
| Escherichia coli | 4 (0–9) | 0 | 0 | |
| ESBL positive, % | Klebsiella pneumoniae | 57 (42–71) | 75 (47–100) | 57 (37–85) |
| Escherichia coli | 52 (43–71) | 59 (0–100) | 34 (0–50) | |
| Oxacillin resistance, % | Staphylococcus aureus | 43 (22–71) | 44 (0–48) | 37 (0–50) |
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci | 71 (31–79) | 63 (0–100) | 72 (0–88) | |
| Teicoplanin resistance, % | Staphylococcus aureus | 3 (0–13) | 5 (0–8) | 1 (0–3) |
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci | 9 (0–55) | 15 (0–29) | 6,3 (0–25) | |
| Enterococcus faecium | 19 (3–39) | 33 (17–100) | 38 (17–100) | |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 3 (0–6) | 0 | 4 (0–11) | |
| Vancomycin resistance, % | Staphylococcus aureus | 2 (0–5) | 0 | 0 |
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci | 2 (0–55) | 0 | 0 | |
| Enterococcus faecium | 14 (0–22) | 33 (17–100) | 43 (0–100) | |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 2 (0–6) | 0 | 2 (0–6) | |
| Ampicillin resistance, % | Enterococcus faecium | 83 (15–94) | 100 (100) | 81 (67–100) |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 14 (0–27) | 13 (0–15) | 10 (0–22) | |
| Fluconazole resistance, % | Candida albicans | 10 (0–55) | 2 (0–13) | 0 |
| Non-albicans Candida | 16 (11–28) | 10 (0–20) | 16 (0–28) |
ICU intensive care unit, ESBL extended spectrum beta-lactamase