Table 2.
Baseline characteristics in patients with DM (analysis B)
| Variables | N | Biopsy results (n = 880) | Biopsy results documented (n = 237) | P-valuea | Biopsy-proven classic DN (n = 46) | Other biopsy-proven kidney diseases (n = 191) | P-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 1117 | 64 (9) | 61 (10) | <0.001 | 60 (12) | 61 (10) | 0.6 |
| Male, n (%) | 1117 | 623 (70.8) | 138 (58.2) | <0.001 | 27 (58.7) | 111 (58.1) | 0.9 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), mean (SD) | 1117 | 27 (12) | 29 (11) | 0.056 | 27 (12) | 30 (11) | 0.1 |
| UACR (mg/g), median (IQR) | 1013 | 777 (149–2099) | 710 (169–1853) | 0.90 | 1931 (727–3481) | 546 (114–1442) | <0.001 |
| <30, mean (SD) | 0.78 | 1 (2.3) | 17 (9.5) | 0.004 | |||
| 30–300, mean (SD) | 76 (9.6) | 18 (8.1) | 4 (9.1) | 50 (27.9) | |||
| ≥300, mean (SD) | 186 (23.5) | 54 (24.2) | 39 (88.6) | 112 (62.6) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 1018 | 24.6 (3.8) | 24.2 (4.0) | 0.13 | 24.8 (3.3) | 24.0 (4.1) | 0.2 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 1104 | 136 (20) | 133 (18) | 0.022 | 138 (20) | 131 (18) | 0.03 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 1102 | 73 (12) | 77 (11) | <0.001 | 76 (11) | 77 (11) | 0.6 |
| Diabetic retinopathy, n (%) | 1117 | 385 (43.8) | 37 (15.6) | <0.001 | 26 (56.5) | 11 (5.8) | <0.001 |
| History of any CVD, n (%) | 1117 | 342 (38.9) | 61 (25.7) | <0.001 | 15 (32.6) | 46 (24.1) | 0.2 |
| History of CAD, n (%) | 1117 | 185 (21.0) | 34 (14.3) | 0.022 | 6 (13.0) | 28 (14.7) | 0.8 |
| History of CHF, n (%) | 1117 | 69 (7.8) | 12 (5.1) | 0.14 | 4 (8.7) | 8 (4.2) | 0.2 |
| History of stroke, n (%) | 1117 | 140 (15.9) | 17 (7.2) | <0.001 | 6 (13.0) | 11 (5.8) | 0.09 |
| History of PAD, n (%) | 1117 | 65 (7.4) | 11 (4.6) | 0.14 | 5 (10.9) | 6 (3.1) | 0.03 |
| Medication, n (%) | |||||||
| Any antihypertensive drugs | 1117 | 830 (94.3) | 228 (96.2) | 0.25 | 46 (100.0) | 182 (95.3) | 0.1 |
| ACEi/ARB | 1117 | 748 (85.0) | 208 (87.8) | 0.28 | 43 (93.5) | 165 (86.4) | 0.2 |
| β-blocker | 1117 | 230 (26.1) | 46 (19.4) | 0.033 | 15 (32.6) | 31 (16.2) | 0.01 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 1117 | 596 (67.7) | 125 (52.7) | <0.001 | 34 (73.9) | 91 (47.6) | 0.001 |
| Diuretic | 1117 | 438 (49.8) | 93 (39.2) | 0.004 | 31 (67.4) | 62 (32.5) | <0.001 |
| Antiplatelet | 1117 | 322 (36.6) | 58 (24.5) | <0.001 | 14 (30.4) | 44 (23.0) | 0.3 |
| ESA | 1117 | 166 (18.9) | 30 (12.7) | 0.026 | 13 (28.3) | 17 (8.9) | <0.001 |
| Active vitamin D | 1117 | 57 (6.5) | 34 (14.3) | <0.001 | 2 (4.3) | 32 (16.8) | 0.03 |
| Laboratory data | |||||||
| Albumin (g/dL), mean (SD) | 1081 | 3.9 (0.5) | 3.8 (0.5) | 0.29 | 3.7 (0.5) | 3.9 (0.5) | 0.03 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL), mean (SD) | 1106 | 11.7 (1.8) | 12.0 (1.9) | 0.048 | 10.9 (1.9) | 12.3 (1.8) | <0.001 |
| Phosphate (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 987 | 3.7 (0.7) | 3.5 (0.7) | 0.012 | 4.0 (0.6) | 3.4 (0.6) | <0.001 |
| Intact PTH (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 1017 | 86 (55–137) | 73 (56–116) | 0.033 | 89 (64–171) | 71 (51–108) | 0.004 |
| 25-hydroxy vitamin D (ng/mL), median (IQR) | 1006 | 13.6 (8.7–19.7) | 14.4 (9.2–21.4) | 0.29 | 10.3 (6.1–15.4) | 15.8 (9.8–22.2) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%), median (IQR) | 1017 | 6.6 (6.0–7.3) | 6.3 (5.7–6.8) | <0.001 | 6.5 [6.0–7.5] | 6.2 [5.6–6.7] | 0.003 |
a
Comparison between biopsy-proven DN and other kidney diseases.
b
Comparison between those with biopsy-proven diagnosis and those without.