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Reagents and conditions: (a) Pd(OAc)2, Xantphos, Cs2CO3, dioxane, 100 °C, 16 h; (b) Pd(OAc)2, (±)-BINAP, Cs2CO3, toluene, microwave 130 °C, 3 h; (c) Pd(OAc)2, Xphos, Cs2CO3, toluene, 130 °C, 1 h; (d) Pd(OAc)2, K2CO3, pivalic acid, 100 °C, air, 16 h; (e) 2-bromoethyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, Cs2CO3, DMF, rt, 16 h; and (f) amine, DMF, microwave 100 °C, 30 min.
