Comparison of the photodegradation of CIP and AMP by NdFe2O4@g-C3N4 with other photocatalysts in literatureb.
| Material | Antibiotic | DE (%) | LIS | AC (g L−1) | Conc (mg L−1) | Stability (%) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BiVO4 | CIP | 75.00 | Visible light | 1.00 | 10.00 | —a | 61 |
| Cu2O/MoS2/rGO | CIP | 55.00 | 150 W halogen lamp | 0.30 | 10.00 | —a | 62 |
| TiO2 on glass | CIP | 92.00 | 6 W UV-C lamp | 1.00 | 5.00 | —a | 70 |
| ZnO | CIP | 93.00 | 8 W Hg fluorescent | 0.50 | 5.00 | —a | 71 |
| ZnO | CIP | 100.00 | 9 W Hg UV lamp | 0.15 | 10.00 | —a | 65 |
| TiO2/SnO2 composite | CIP | 98.00 | UVc lamps (35 W) | 0.05 | 5.00 | 67.50 (3rd cycle) | 63 |
| x%BO/LNTO | CIP | 100.00 | 300 W Xe lamp | 2.00 | 10.00 | 95.00 (5th cycle) | 72 |
| R2-Cu2O | CIP | 94.60 | Metal halide lamp | 1.50 | 20.00 | — | 73 |
| ZnO/CD NCs | CIP | 98.00 | Sunlight | 0.60 | 12.00 | 94.00 (5th cycle) | 53 |
| CeO2/g-C3N4 | CIP | 96.30 | Visible light | 1.00 | 10.00 | 90.40 (6th cycle) | 64 |
| MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4 | AMP | 100.00 | 36 W UV | 0.50 | 25.00 | 93.72 (8th cycle) | 66 |
| Ru/WO3/ZrO2 | AMP | 96.00 | 150 W Xe lamp | 1.00 | 50.00 | 92.00 (2nd cycle) | 74 |
| La/Cu/Zr trimetallic | AMP | 86.00 | Sunlight | 0.10 | 50.00 | 59.00 (6th cycle) | 67 |
| Ag-NP | AMP | 96.50 | Sunlight | 0.17 | 10.00 | —a | 75 |
| FeSi@MN | AMP | 70.00 | Sunlight | 0.60 | 100.00 | 63.00 (4th cycle) | 68 |
| ZnO/polyaniline nanocomposite | AMP | 41.00 | Visible light | 0.01 | 4.50 | —a | 69 |
| NdFe2O4@g-C3N4 | CIP | 100.0 | 150 W Xe light | 2.00 | 5.00 | 97.60 (15th cycle) | This study |
| AMP | 96.80 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 95.00 (15th cycle) |
a
— = not reported.
b
Degradation efficiency = DE, light illumination source = LIS, amount of catalyst = AC, Conc = concentration of antibiotic, Nickel–copper ferrite nanoparticles onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes = MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4, FeSi@magnetic nanoparticle = FeSi@MN, ciprofloxacin = CIP, ampicillin = AMP, Ag-NP = silver nanoparticle x%BO/LNTO = La-doped NaTaO3 perovskites modified with a low quantity of Bi2O3.