TABLE 2.
Injury Characteristics From Chart Abstraction
| TBI |
Arm Injury (n = 194) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild I (n = 456) | Mild II (n = 31) | Mild III (n = 106) | Mild, All (n = 593) | Moderate (n = 96) | Severe (n = 17) | ||
| Mechanism of injury, % | |||||||
| Motor vehicle occupant | 6.8 | 16.1 | 16.4 | 9.0 | 35.1 | 38.4 | 3.2 |
| Pedestrian or bicycle | 6.2 | 12.9 | 11.5 | 7.4 | 17.6 | 7.7 | 2.7 |
| Fall | 57.4 | 54.8 | 53.9 | 56.6 | 34.1 | 23.1 | 83.1 |
| Struck by/against | 29.6 | 16.2 | 17.2 | 26.8 | 8.8 | 15.4 | 10.5 |
| Other | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 4.4 | 15.4 | 0.5 |
| Intent, % | |||||||
| Intentional | 3.5 | 0.0 | 7.6 | 4.1 | 12.5 | 23.5 | 3.6 |
| Unintentional | 96.5 | 100.0 | 92.4 | 95.9 | 87.5 | 76.5 | 96.4 |
| Emergency medical services level, % | |||||||
| Advanced Life Support | 9.8 | 25.0 | 35.7 | 15.0 | 72.1 | 75.0 | 2.6 |
| Basic Life Support | 12.8 | 25.0 | 16.3 | 14.0 | 8.1 | 0.0 | 5.8 |
| Not transported by emergency medical services | 77.4 | 50.0 | 48.0 | 71.0 | 19.8 | 25.0 | 91.6 |
| Isolated TBI, % | 62.5 | 48.4 | 50.0 | 59.5 | 21.9 | 23.5 | 0.0 |
| Injury severity score, mean (SD) | 2.9 (4.1) | 7.3 (2.9) | 12.3 (8.0) | 4.8 (6.1) | 23.8 (11.4) | 33.0 (9.1) | 4.5 (3.0) |
| Maximum AIS score, % | |||||||
| 1 | 71.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 54.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.1 |
| 2 | 23.7 | 64.5 | 37.7 | 28.3 | 8.3 | 0.0 | 88.7 |
| 3 | 3.7 | 35.5 | 34.9 | 11.0 | 24.0 | 0.0 | 7.7 |
| 4 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 13.2 | 3.2 | 10.4 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
| 5 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 14.2 | 2.7 | 57.3 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Head maximum AIS score, % | |||||||
| 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 |
| 1 | 75.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 57.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2 | 24.6 | 67.7 | 45.3 | 30.5 | 15.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 3 | 0.4 | 32.3 | 29.3 | 7.3 | 18.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 11.3 | 2.0 | 8.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 14.1 | 2.5 | 57.3 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Lowest motor GCS score in ED, % | |||||||
| 6 | 98.9 | 100.0 | 74.5 | 94.6 | 22.1 | 6.7 | 99.5 |
| 4/5 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 16.0 | 3.2 | 29.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2/3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 20.0 | 0.0 |
| 1, not paralyzed | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 17.9 | 26.7 | 0.0 |
| 1, paralyzed | 0.7 | 0.0 | 9.4 | 2.2 | 29.4 | 46.7 | 0.5 |
| Had CT, % | 50.2 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 61.7 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 1.6 |
| Preinjury comorbidities, % a | |||||||
| None | 36.5 | 38.7 | 40.6 | 37.3 | 45.8 | 58.8 | 35.0 |
| 1 | 24.1 | 9.7 | 28.3 | 24.0 | 18.7 | 23.5 | 31.5 |
| 2 | 14.8 | 29.0 | 10.4 | 14.8 | 11.5 | 0.0 | 15.7 |
| ≥3 | 24.6 | 22.6 | 20.7 | 23.9 | 24.0 | 17.7 | 17.8 |
Medical records were not available from 26 patients.
a
Preinjury comorbidities assessed included developmental delay, seizures, previous TBI with loss of consciousness, hemiplegia or paraplegia, lung disease, diabetes, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, other mental health or behavioral problems, learning problems, previous fractures, and previous surgery.