Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the included patients*
| Kellgren and Lawrence grading scale, n (%) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size, n | Female, n (%) | Age, y (M ± SD) | BMI, kg/m2 (M ± SD) | Treat | Control | Course of OA, y (M ± SD) | |||||||||
| Study and year | Subgroup | Treat | Control | Treat | Control | Treat | Control | Treat | Control | Grade II | Grade III | Grade II | Grade III | Treat | Control |
| Fleischmann 2019 [51] | Subgroup 1 | 89 | 85 | 63 (70.8) | 52 (61.2) | 61.6 ± 7.5 | 59.5 ± 8.9 | 28.7 ± 3.8 | 28.6 ± 3.6 | 57 (64.0) | 32 (36.0) | 53 (62.4) | 32 (37.6) | 7.6 ± 9.0 | 7.9 ± 8.0 |
| Subgroup 2 | 85 | 53 (62.4) | 60.2 ± 8.2 | 29.0 ± 3.5 | 52 (61.2) | 33 (38.8) | 7.9 ± 8.7 | ||||||||
| Subgroup 3 | 88 | 57 (64.8) | 59.1 ± 10.3 | 28.7 ± 3.5 | 56 (63.6) | 32 (36.4) | 8.7 ± 8.6 | ||||||||
| Cohen 2011 [52] | Subgroup 1 | 12 | 16 | 9 (75) | 10 (63) | 62.3 | 60.8 | 30.9 | 30.4 | 4 (33) | 5 (42) | 4 (25) | 10 (63) | 10 | 9.6 |
| Subgroup 2 | 12 | 5 (42) | 59.6 | 29.8 | 5 (42) | 7 (58) | 6.6 | ||||||||
| Subgroup 3 | 12 | 11 (92) | 61.1 | 30.8 | 3 (25) | 6 (50) | 6.9 | ||||||||
| Subgroup 4 | 12 | 7 (58) | 62.8 | 31.9 | 7 (58) | 4 (33) | 10.2 | ||||||||
| Subgroup5 | 80 | 80 | 54 (68) | 54 (68) | 61.3 | 60.1 | 32 | 31.9 | 40 (50) | 39 (49) | 30 (38) | 46 (58) | 6.1 | 6.1 | |
| Baltzer 2009 [53] | Subgroup 1 | 134 | 107 | 65 (48.5) | 68 (63.6) | 53.8 ± 12.2 | 60.3 ± 10.7 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Yang 2008 [54] | Subgroup 1 | 73 | 67 | 49 (61) | 43 (59) | 54 ± 11 | 53 ± 11 | 27 ± 5 | 28 ± 14 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Wang 2017 [55] | Subgroup 1 | 7 | 6 | 5 (71.4) | 5 (83.3) | 61.3 ± 5.1 | 60.0 ± 5.9 | 27.6 ± 4.4 | 28.4 ± 2.3 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Subgroup 2 | 7 | 5 (71.4) | 62.6 ± 3.6 | 26.4 ± 1.1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||||
| Subgroup 3 | 7 | 5 (71.4) | 61.4 ± 5.0 | 27.3 ± 2.9 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||||
| Subgroup 4 | 7 | 2 | 7 (100) | 2 (100) | 60.0 ± 6.1 | 55.0 ± 1.4 | 29.3 ± 3.0 | 8.7 ± 0.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Chevalier 2009 [56] | Subgroup 1 | 34 | 69 | 17 (50) | 44 (64) | 63.3 ± 9.8 | 62.2 ± 10.0 | NA | NA | 3 (4) | 18 (53) | 27 (39) | 42 (61) | 8.1 ± 9.8 | 6.0 ± 6.2 |
| Subgroup 2 | 67 | 46 (69) | 62.6 ± 9.4 | NA | NA | 24 (37) | 39 (58) | 5.2 ± 5.7 | |||||||
| Kosloski 2016 [57] | Subgroup 1 | 7 | 8 | 24 (86) | 7 (88) | 61.3 ± 11.85 | 58.8 ± 9.63 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Subgroup 2 | 7 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||||
| Subgroup 3 | 7 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||||
| Subgroup 4 | 7 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||||
| NCT01160822 2012 | Subgroup 1 | 6 | 5 | 7 (88) | 2 (40) | 58.3 ± 12.79 | 57.8 ± 7.76 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Subgroup 2 | 7 | 4 (57.1) | 61.0 ± 9.63 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||
| Subgroup 3 | 6 | 2 (33.3) | 64.2 ± 10.68 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||
| Subgroup 4 | 45 | 47 | 31 (68.9) | 31 (66) | 61.4 ± 8.96 | 60.3 ± 9.71 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Brahmachari 2009 [59] | Subgroup 1 | 28 | 27 | 26 (92.8) | 20 (74) | 45.5 ± 10.52 | 53 ± 11.85 | 25.3 ± 3.63 | 20 ± 3.70 | 10 | 18 | 12 | 15 | 3.5 ± 6.0 | 2.0 ± 3.3 |
| Pelletier 2000 [60] | Subgroup 1 | 126 | 124 | 105 (83.3) | 98 (79) | 62.95 ± 8.41 | 64.5 ± 8.65 | 31.63 ± 5.50 | 31.05 ± 5.35 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7.8 ± 7.18 | 8.0 ± 7.41 |
| Subgroup 2 | 110 | 83 (75.5) | 64.22 ± 8.02 | 31.73 ± 6.21 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8.1 ± 6.42 | ||||||
| Subgroup 3 | 120 | 96 (80) | 62.27 ± 10.18 | 30.99 ± 5.88 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7.8 ± 6.99 | ||||||
| Pham 2004 [61] | Subgroup 1 | 85 | 85 | 59 (69.4) | 52 (61.2) | 64.5 ± 7.8 | 64.9 ± 7.7 | NA | NA | 12 (14) | 66 (79) | 19 (23) | 60 (72) | NA | NA |
| Pavelka 2007 [62] | Subgroup 1 | 82 | 83 | 67 (81.7) | 64 (77.1) | 63.5 ± 8.39 | 63.8 ± 8.09 | 28.7 ± 4.1 | 29.1 ± 3.9 | 54 (65.9) | 27 (32.9) | 48 (57.8) | 35 (42.2) | 6.87 ± 6.16 | 6.13 ± 5.61 |
*BMI body mass index; NA not available; M mean; SD standard deviation; and continuous data are depicted in M when SD is not available