Table 1. Characteristics of Patients With COVID-19 (Cases) and Matched Patients Without COVID-19 (Controls), by Age Group and Time Period, and by Age Group and Sex, IQVIA, 2020–2021a .
| Characteristic | Children aged <18 yearsb
|
Adults aged 18–64 yearsb
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Control | Case | Control | |
| Total, no. (%) | 11,636 (100.0) | 46,544 (100.0) | 197,412 (100.0) | 789,648 (100.0) |
| Age, mean, y | 12.1 | 12.1 | 42.0 | 42.0 |
| Sex, no. (%)a | ||||
| Female | 5,938 (51.0) | 23,752 (51.0) | 104,361 (52.9) | 417,444 (52.9) |
| Male | 5,698 (49.0) | 22,792 (49.0) | 93,051 (47.1) | 372,204 (47.1) |
| Age, y, no. (%) | ||||
| <5 | 1,255 (10.8) | 5,020 (10.8) | — | — |
| 5–11 | 3,035 (26.1) | 12,140 (26.1) | — | — |
| 12–15 | 3,568 (30.7) | 14,272 (30.7) | — | — |
| 16–17 | 3,778 (32.5) | 15,112 (32.5) | — | — |
| 18–24 | — | — | 30,540 (15.5) | 122,160 (15.5) |
| 25–39 | — | — | 51,121 (25.9) | 204,484 (25.9) |
| 40–49 | — | — | 45,354 (23.0) | 181,416 (23.0) |
| 50–64 | — | — | 70,397 (35.7) | 281,588 (35.7) |
| Insurance type, no. (%) | ||||
| Commercial | 3,880 (33.3) | 15,520 (33.3) | 70,001 (35.5) | 280,004 (35.5) |
| Commercial and self-insured employer group | 1,001 (8.6) | 4,004 (8.6) | 22,756 (11.5) | 91,024 (11.5) |
| Self-insured employer group | 6,755 (58.1) | 27,020 (58.1) | 104,655 (53.0) | 418,620 (53.0) |
| US census region, no. (%) | ||||
| Northeast | 906 (7.8) | 7,465 (16.0) | 19,859 (10.1) | 132,856 (16.8) |
| Midwest | 2,638 (22.7) | 14,660 (31.5) | 43,989 (22.3) | 227,072 (28.8) |
| South | 6,748 (58.0) | 18,591 (39.9) | 114,652 (58.1) | 333,433 (42.2) |
| West | 1,342 (11.5) | 5,812 (12.5) | 18,868 (9.6) | 95,985 (12.2) |
| No. of hospitalizations in previous year, no. (%) | ||||
| 0 | 11,370 (97.7) | 45,480 (97.7) | 188,391 (95.4) | 753,564 (95.4) |
| 1 | 228 (2.0) | 912 (2.0) | 7,765 (3.9) | 31,060 (3.9) |
| ≥2 | 32 (0.3) | 128 (0.3) | 1,042 (0.5) | 4,168 (0.5) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score in previous year, no. (%) | ||||
| 0 | 10,296 (88.5) | 41,184 (88.5) | 143,785 (72.8) | 575,140 (72.8) |
| 1 | 1,250 (10.7) | 5,000 (10.7) | 32,837 (16.6) | 131,348 (16.6) |
| ≥2 | 90 (0.8) | 360 (0.8) | 20,790 (10.5) | 83,160 (10.5) |
| Hospitalized with COVID-19 | 207 (1.8) | — | 18,559 (9.4) | — |
| Costs, mean (median) [IQR], $ | ||||
| 1-month | 434 (0) [0–166] | 251 (0) [0–91] | 957 (37) [0–333] | 560 (0) [0–196] |
| 3-month | 1,252 (164) [0–560] | 761 (83) [0–380] | 2,598 (325) [22–1,272] | 1,699 (177) [0–778] |
| 6-month | 2,398 (401) [0–1,153] | 1,434 (237) [0–729] | 4,836 (822) [22–2,903] | 3,376 (480) [0–1,851] |
| 1-month (only ≥0 cost) | 1,051 (227) [106–535] | 758 (199) [93–440] | 1,702 (273) [106–768] | 1,216 (227) [83–619] |
| 3-month (only ≥0 cost) | 1,799 (350) [148–876] | 1,252 (282) [125–679] | 3,377 (588) [213–1,879] | 2,523 (459) [172–1,432] |
| 6-month (only ≥0 cost) | 2,900 (565) [228–1,448] | 1,926 (426) [181–1,054] | 5,540 (1,108) [383–3,522] | 4,291 (827) [292–2,659] |
a
Data source: IQVIA PharMetrics Plus (12), a database of adjudicated medical claims from US health plans, including claims from primarily commercial health plans (preferred provider and health maintenance organizations), to provide a complete view of patient care across all care settings, including facility, management, surgical, ancillary, and pharmaceutical expenditures.
b
Some cells may not add up to 100% because of missing values or cell sizes <10.