Table 3.
Differences between participants who had a postoperative clinical stroke/TIA within one week of surgery vs. those who did not.
| Characteristic | Stroke (n = 29) | No Stroke (n = 136) | Test Statistic | p Value | Effect Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 77.0 (5.6) | 75.2 (6.0) | t= −1.47 | .14 | −.30^ |
| Sex (% Female) | 44.8 | 35.3 | X2=0.93 | .33 | −.08^^^ |
| Education (years) | 13.8 (2.5) | 13.9 (3.0) | t=0.19 | .85 | .04^ |
| Race (% White) | 89.7 | 95.6 | X2=1.63 | .20 | −.10^^^ |
| Past stroke/TIA(%) | 24.1 | 10.3 | X2=4.12 | .06 | 0.16^^^ |
| Medical Comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index)c | 2.0 (0 – 4) | 1.0 (0 – 5) | U=1673 | .19 | −0.10^^ |
| Body Mass Indexc | 29.3 (17.2 – 37.8) | 28.8 (23.3 – 52.9) | U=1825.5 | .53 | −0.05^^ |
| Geriatric Depression Scalea,c | 4.0 (0 – 14) | 2.0 (0 – 20) | U=1748.5 | .57 | −0.04^^ |
| Mini-Mental Status Examinationb | 27.3 (1.9) | 27.8 (1.5) | t=1.33 | .19 | .27^ |
| Rey Complex Figure Long Delay Free Recall | 12.2 (5.7) | 14.5 (6.0) | t=1.76 | .08 | .39^ |
| Boston Naming Test (BNT)c | 51.5 (32 – 59) | 55 (22 – 60) | U=1269 | .01 ** | −0.21^^ |
| Animal Fluency | 16.6 (5.5) | 18.5 (4.8) | t=1.86 | .06 | .40^ |
| HVLT-R Delayed Recall | 5.9 (2.4) | 7.6 (2.5) | t=3.33 | .00 ** | .68^ |
| Judgment of Line Orientation (JOLO) | 18.1 (5.3) | 21.3 (5.6) | t=2.73 | .01 ** | .58^ |
| Trail Making Test – B-Ac | 88.0 (44 – 245) | 59.0 (−2 – 256) | U=921.5 | <.001 *** | −0.28^^ |
| Digit Span Test Total | 14.44 (2.98) | 15.78 (3.89) | t=1.68 | .10 | .36^ |
Values are expressed as mean (SD) or %.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.
a
Maximum = 30 (worst).
b
Maximum = 30 (best).
c
Median (range) reported for variables not normally distributed.
Effect sizes:
^
Cohen’s d (.2 = small; .5 = medium; .8= large)
^^
Probability of superiority (<0.44 or >0.55 = small; <0.36 or >0.64. = medium; <0.29 or >0.71 = large)
^^^
Phi (.1 = small; .3 = medium; .5 = large)