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. 2021 Sep 24;1(2):90–95. doi: 10.1016/j.jointm.2021.08.002

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Potential pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to SAE. Neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress damage the cerebral microcirculation and BBB, causing neurotransmitter abnormality, cell programmed death, and culminating in brain damage and dysfunction. BBB: Blood–brain barrier; SAE: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy.