Table 1.
Diagnostic findings in SAE.
| Author and year | Number of patients | Diagnostic method | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Young et al. 1992 [52] | 62 | EEG | Severity of SAE associated with severity of EEG abnormalities |
| Delta and suppression associated with mortality TWs associated with mortality | |||
| Sharshar et al. 2007 [50] | 9 | MRI | White matter hyperintensities; Ischemic lesions |
| Suchtya et al. 2010 [47] | 64 | CT/MRI | White matter hyperintensities |
| Brain atrophy | |||
| Edema | |||
| Focal hemorrhages | |||
| Polito et al. 2013 [48] | 71 | MRI/EEG | White matter hyperintensities |
| Ischemic lesions | |||
| Malignant EEG pattern associated with chronic leukoencephalopathy and acute brain ischemia | |||
| Sutter et al. 2013 [53] | 105 | EEG | Theta/delta associated with the poor outcome TWs associated with more severe alteration of consciousness and with higher mortality |
| Kurtz et al. 2014 [55] | 154 | cEEG | PEDs persisting for >24 h associated with the poor outcome NCSE associated with poor outcome |
| Orhun et al. 2020 [49] | 93 | MRI | MRI white matter hyperintensities |
| Ischemic lesions | |||
| Brain atrophy (limbic structures) |
CT: Computed tomography; cEEG: Continuous electroencephalography; EEG: Electroencephalogram; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; NCSE: Nonconvulsive status epilepticus; PEDs: Periodic epileptiform discharges; SAE: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy; TWs: Triphasic waves.