Table 2.
Descriptive characteristics of overall participants and by SOFA trajectory.
| Variables | Total (n = 16,743) | SOFA score |
F/χ2 | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 (n = 5503) | Group 2 (n = 5004) | Group 3 (n = 2947) | Group 4 (n = 2342) | Group 5 (n = 947) | ||||
| Age (years) | 66 (54.76) | 65 (53.76) | 68 (56.78) | 67 (56,.77) | 64 (54.75) | 58 (49.68) | 61.7 | <0.010 |
| Sex | 65.4 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Male | 9575 (57.2) | 2934 (53.3) | 2859 (57.1) | 1771 (60.1) | 1423 (60.8) | 588 (62.1) | ||
| Female | 7168 (42.8) | 2569 (46.7) | 2145 (42.9) | 1176 (39.9) | 919 (39.2) | 359 (37.9) | ||
| Ethnicity | 55.4 | <0.001 | ||||||
| White | 11,037 (65.9) | 3690 (67.1) | 3333 (66.6) | 1964 (66.6) | 1495 (63.8) | 555 (58.6) | ||
| Black | 1704 (10.2) | 524 (9.5) | 514 (10.3) | 325 (11.0) | 258 (11.0) | 83 (8.8) | ||
| Other | 402 (23.9) | 1289 (23.4) | 1157 (23.1) | 658 (22.3) | 589 (25.1) | 309 (32.6) | ||
| Insurance | 145.7 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Medicaid | 1235 (7.4) | 437 (7.9) | 302 (6.0) | 209 (7.1) | 181 (7.7) | 106 (11.2) | ||
| Medicare | 8156 (48.7) | 2498 (45.4) | 2591 (51.8) | 1555 (52.8) | 1177 (50.3) | 335 (35.4) | ||
| Other | 7352 (43.9) | 2568 (46.7) | 2111 (42.2) | 1183 (40.1) | 984 (42.0) | 506 (53.4) | ||
| Marital status | 19.7 | 0.011 | ||||||
| Married | 7188 (42.9) | 2332 (42.4) | 2157 (43.1) | 1279 (43.4) | 1041 (44.4) | 379 (40.0) | ||
| Single | 4712 (28.1) | 1591 (28.9) | 1337 (26.7) | 814 (27.6) | 667 (28.5) | 303 (32.0) | ||
| Other | 4843 (28.9) | 1580 (28.7) | 1510 (30.2) | 854 (29.0) | 634 (27.1) | 265 (28.0) | ||
| RRT | 3623.6 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 2662 (15.9) | 104 (1.9) | 493 (9.9) | 555 (18.8) | 875 (37.4) | 635 (67.1) | ||
| No | 14,081 (84.1) | 5399 (98.1) | 4511 (90.1) | 2392 (81.2) | 1467 (62.6) | 312 (32.9) | ||
| Mechanical ventilation | 156.8 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 16,054 (95.9) | 5144 (93.5) | 4807 (96.1) | 2858 (97.0) | 2303 (98.3) | 942 (99.5) | ||
| No | 689 (4.1) | 359 (6.5) | 197 (3.9) | 89 (3.0) | 39 (1.7) | 5 (0.5) | ||
| Corticosteroids | 48.6 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 3945 (23.6) | 1451 (26.4) | 1164 (23.3) | 587 (19.9) | 519 (22.2) | 224 (23.7) | ||
| No | 12,798 (76.4) | 4052 (73.6) | 3840 (76.7) | 2360 (80.1) | 1823 (77.8) | 723 (76.3) | ||
| CCI | 6.0 (4.0, 8.0) | 5.0 (4.0, 7.0) | 6.0 (4.0, 8.0) | 7.0 (5.0, 9.0) | 7.0 (5.0, 9.0) | 6.0 (5.0, 8.0) | 4694.4 | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 132.0 (106.0, 172.0) | 127.0 (105.0, 161.0) | 132.0 (107.0, 171.0) | 136.0 (109.0, 182.0) | 138.0 (107.0, 185.0) | 132.0 (99.0, 192.0) | 24.4 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 91.0 (78.0, 107.0) | 90.0 (77.0, 106.0) | 90.0 (77.0, 105.0) | 90.0 (79.0, 105.0) | 94.0 (80.0, 109.0) | 98.0 (82.0, 113.50) | 27.7 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 112.0 (104.0, 124.0) | 119.0 (109.0, 131.0) | 113.0 (105.0, 126.0) | 109.0 (103.0, 117.0) | 107.0 (101.0, 116.0) | 104.0 (99.0, 112.0) | 407.8 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 60.0 (54.0, 67.0) | 64.0 (57.0, 71.0) | 60.0 (54.0, 67.0) | 58.0 (52.0, 64.0) | 59.0 (53.0, 65.0) | 57.0 (51.0, 63.0) | 267.7 | <0.001 |
| MBP (mmHg) | 75.0 (69.0, 82.0) | 79.0 (72.0, 87.0) | 75.0 (70.0, 82.0) | 73.0 (68.0, 78.0) | 73.0 (68.0, 78.0) | 71.0 (66.0, 76.0) | 325.8 | <0.001 |
| Respiratory rate (beats/min) | 19.0 (16.0, 24.0) | 19.0 (16.0, 24.0) | 19.0 (16.0, 24.0) | 19.0 (15.0, 24.0) | 20.0 (16.0, 24.0) | 20.0 (16.0, 25.0) | 436.9 | <0.001 |
| SpO2 | 98.0 (95.0, 10.0) | 98.0 (95.0, 10.0) | 98.0 (95.0, 10.0) | 98.0 (95.0, 10.0) | 98.0 (94.0, 10.0) | 97.0 (94.0,10.0) | 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Temperature ( °C) | 98.3 (97.6, 99.0) | 98.3 (97.7, 99.0) | 98.2 (97.6, 98.9) | 98.3 (97.6, 99.0) | 98.2 (97.6, 98.9) | 98.1 (97.5, 98.8) | 11.8 | <0.001 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 41.0 (35.0, 48.0) | 41.0 (35.0, 48.0) | 41.0 (35.0, 48.25) | 42.0 (36.0, 50.0) | 41.0 (34.0, 49.0) | 40.0 (33.0, 48.0) | 16.7 | <0.001 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 96.0 (59.0, 174.0) | 104.0 (64.0, 187.0) | 95.0 (59.0, 175.0) | 97.0 (57.0, 175.0) | 88.0 (53.0, 158.0) | 85.0 (53.5, 133.0) | 22.6 | <0.001 |
| WBC (109/L) | 12.0 (8.3, 16.9) | 11.6 (8.5, 15.5) | 11.7 (8.2, 16.4) | 13.1 (8.4, 18.8) | 12.5 (8.0, 18.4) | 12.2 (7.4, 19.1) | 24.4 | <0.001 |
| Bicarbonate (mg/dL) | 23.0 (20.0, 26.0) | 24.0 (21.0, 27.0) | 23.0 (20.0, 26.0) | 22.0 (19.0, 25.0) | 20.0 (17.0, 24.0) | 19.0 (15.0, 22.0) | 453.4 | <0.001 |
| Chloride (mEq/L) | 104.0 (99.0, 108.0) | 104.0 (10.0, 108.0) | 104.0 (10.0, 109.0) | 105.0 (10.0, 110.0) | 104.0 (99.0, 109.0) | 102.0 (97.0, 107.0) | 25.9 | <0.001 |
| Hematocrit | 31.3 (27.1, 36.0) | 32.5 (28.5, 36.8) | 31.1 (27.0, 35.8) | 30.7 (26.9, 35.4) | 30.2 (25.8, 35.5) | 28.4 (24.4, 34.6) | 65.3 | <0.001 |
| BCR | 20.0 (14.5, 27.3) | 20.0 (15.5, 27.5) | 20.8 (15.0, 27.8) | 20.0 (14.1, 26.9) | 18.8 (13.0, 26.3) | 16.3 (11.2, 23.5) | 27.5 | <0.001 |
| INR | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.6) | 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) | 1.8 (1.5, 2.5) | 181.3 | <0.001 |
| RDW | 15.1 (13.8, 16.9) | 14.4 (13.4, 16.0) | 15.1 (13.9, 16.8) | 15.4 (14.2, 17.2) | 15.9 (14.5, 17.9) | 16.5 (14.8, 19.1) | 304.7 | <0.001 |
| Anion gap | 15.0 (12.0, 18.0) | 14.0 (12.0, 16.0) | 14.0 (12.0, 17.0) | 15.0 (12.0, 18.0) | 17.0 (14.0, 20.0) | 19.0 (16.0, 24.0) | 555.7 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.2 (8.8, 11.9) | 10.7 (9.2, 12.2) | 10.2 (8.7, 11.8) | 10.0 (8.7, 11.5) | 9.8 (8.4, 11.4) | 9.4 (8.0, 11.4) | 76.0 | <0.001 |
| Platelet (109/L) | 190.0 (130.0, 264.0) | 223.0 (172.0, 297.0) | 191.0 (137.0, 262.0) | 170.0 (115.0, 249.0) | 147.0 (90.0, 221.0) | 98.0 (58.5, 151.5) | 380.1 | <0.001 |
Continuous data are presented as median (interquartile range), whereas categorical data are presented as n (%).
BCR: Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine ratio; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; INR: International normalized ratio; MBP: Mean arterial pressure; PaCO2: Artial pressure of carbon dioxide; RRT: Renal replacement therapy; RDW: Red cell distribution width; SPO2: Oxygen saturation; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; WBC: White cell count.