Table 1.
Health and demographic characteristics by forms of distress at baseline (April-August 2020), among participants who ever tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between April 2020 - April 2021, N=3,663
| Depressive symptoms | Anxiety symptoms | Worry about COVID-19 | Loneliness | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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| No symptoms | Probable depression | No symptoms | Probable anxiety | No | High | Hardly ever | Yes | ||
| N=1790 | N=477 | N=1349 | N=767 | N=1105 | N=597 | N=748 | N=501 | ||
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|
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| Age, years | mean (SD) | 57.4 (12.8) | 49.9 (14.6) | 59.4 (12.0) | 50.2 (14.3) | 56.4 (13.6) | 55.3 (13.7) | 57.7 (14.5) | 56.8 (15.1) |
| Race | |||||||||
| White | N (%) | 1737 (97.0) | 462 (96.9) | 1304 (96.7) | 744 (97.0) | 1080 (97.7) | 566 (94.8) | 730 (97.6) | 490 (97.6) |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | N (%) | 1727 (96.5) | 460 (96.4) | 1297 (96.2) | 743 (96.9) | 1049 (94.9) | 587 (98.3) | 704 (94.1) | 473 (94.4) |
| Male | N (%) | 63 (3.5) | 17 (3.6) | 52 (3.9) | 24 (3.1) | 56 (5.1) | 10 (1.7) | 44 (5.9) | 28 (5.6) |
| Frontline healthcare worker, yes | N (%) | 892 (49.8) | 284 (59.5) | 605 (44.9) | 449 (58.5) | 504 (45.6) | 310 (51.9) | - | - |
| Partner’s educationb | |||||||||
| High school or lower | N (%) | 227 (12.7) | 40 (8.4) | 204 (15.1) | 61 (8.0) | 138 (12.5) | 56 (9.4) | 92 (12.3) | 49 (9.8) |
| College | N (%) | 732 (40.9) | 146 (30.6) | 525 (38.9) | 275 (35.9) | 450 (40.7) | 187 (31.3) | 286 (38.2) | 171 (34.1) |
| Graduate school | N (%) | 300 (46.8) | 76 (15.9) | 228 (16.9) | 130 (17.0) | 178 (16.1) | 103 (17.3) | 137 (18.3) | 77 (15.4) |
| Unmarried | N (%) | 471 (26.3) | 200 (41.9) | 343 (25.4) | 278 (36.3) | 303 (27.4) | 229 (38.4) | 194 (25.9) | 184 (36.7) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||||||||
| <18.5 | N (%) | 25 (1.4) | 5 (1.1) | 17 (1.3) | 8 (1.0) | 19 (1.7) | 8 (1.3) | 9 (1.2) | 9 (1.8) |
| 18.5 to <25 | N (%) | 607 (33.9) | 123 (25.8) | 427 (31.7) | 225 (29.3) | 379 (34.3) | 162 (27.1) | 235 (31.4) | 141 (28.1) |
| 25 to <30 | N (%) | 526 (29.4) | 123 (25.8) | 412 (30.5) | 222 (28.9) | 335 (30.3) | 170 (28.5) | 221 (29.6) | 136 (27.2) |
| 30 to <35 | N (%) | 346 (19.3) | 86 (18.0) | 282 (20.9) | 127 (16.6) | 199 (18.0) | 94 (15.8) | 122 (16.3) | 98 (19.6) |
| ≥35 | N (%) | 221 (12.6) | 98 (20.6) | 172 (12.8) | 136 (17.7) | 127 (11.5) | 126 (21.1) | 116 (15.5) | 87 (17.4) |
| Smoking status | |||||||||
| Current | N (%) | 44 (2.5) | 18 (3.8) | 40 (3.0) | 25 (3.3) | 30 (2.7) | 22 (3.7) | 17 (2.3) | 16 (3.2) |
| Former | N (%) | 449 (25.1) | 113 (23.7) | 388 (28.8) | 178 (23.4) | 269 (24.3) | 181 (30.3) | 180 (24.1) | 125 (25.0) |
| Never | N (%) | 1297 (72.5) | 346 (72.5) | 921 (68.3) | 564 (73.5) | 808 (72.9) | 394 (66.0) | 551 (73.7) | 360 (71.9) |
| Diabetes, ever | N (%) | 94 (5.3) | 23 (4.8) | 83 (6.2) | 35 (4.6) | 55 (5.0) | 32 (5.4) | 46 (6.2) | 36 (7.2) |
| Hypertension, ever | N (%) | 354 (39.8) | 100 (21.0) | 296 (21.9) | 157 (20.5) | 224 (20.3) | 146 (24.5) | 182 (24.3) | 133 (26.6) |
| High cholesterol, ever | N (%) | 439 (24.5) | 125 (26.2) | 355 (26.3) | 194 (25.3) | 286 (25.9) | 165 (27.6) | 202 (27.0) | 147 (29.3) |
| Asthma, ever | N (%) | 196 (11.0) | 103 (21.6) | 126 (9.3) | 145 (18.9) | 119 (10.8) | 97 (16.3) | 89 (11.9) | 70 (14.0) |
| Cancer, ever | N (%) | 88 (4.9) | 23 (4.8) | 68 (5.0) | 33 (4.3) | 51 (4.6) | 33 (5.5) | 43 (5.8) | 26 (5.2) |
a
Numbers do not add to 100% because mid-levels of variables, i.e., subclinical depressive and anxious symptoms, somewhat worried, and somewhat lonely, are not shown due to space constraints; UCLA loneliness information was collected only in non-active health care workers.
b
Participants’ own education attainment in GUTS (unmarried category did not apply)