Table 2.
Comparison in clinical, functional, laboratory parameters and radiological situation at 3 and 12 months after hospital discharge
| Variables | At 3 months | At 12 months | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dyspnea according to mMRC | N = 194 | N = 194 | |
| Dyspnea ≥ 1, N (%) | 89 (45.9) | 77 (39.7) | 0.38 |
| Dyspnea ≥ 2, N (%) | 20 (10.3) | 21 (10.8) | 0.70 |
| Dyspnea | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.84 |
| Health status according to Nottingham Health Profile | N = 189 | N = 189 | |
| Energy | 0 (0–33) | 0 (0–33) | 0.53 |
| Pain | 0 (0–40.6) | 0 (0–37.5) | 0.72 |
| Physical mobility | 12.5 (0–37) | 12.5 (0–37.5) | 0.52 |
| Emotional reactions | 11.1 (0–33.3) | 11.1 (0–33.3) | 0.61 |
| Sleep | 20 (0–60) | 20 (0–60) | 0.72 |
| Social isolation | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.89 |
| Number of limited areas | 3 (2–4) | 3 (1–5) | 0.64 |
| Spirometry | N = 194 | N = 194 | |
| FVC, % of predicted | 103 (92–115) | 107 (98–117) | 0.0001 |
| FVC < LLN, N (%) | 10 (5.2) | 3 (1.6) | 0.03 |
| FEV1, % of predicted | 103 (92–115) | 105 (93–115) | 0.32 |
| FEV1 < LLN, N (%) | 15 (7.7) | 7 (3.6) | 0.02 |
| Gas difusión | N = 189 | N = 187 | |
| DLNO, % of predicted | 79 (68.5–87.5) | 83 (73–93) | 0.0001 |
| DLNO < LLN, N (%) | 55 (29.1) | 36 (19.3) | 0.02 |
| DLCO, % of predicted | 86 (74–97) | 94 (83–109) | 0.0001 |
| DLCO < LLN, N (%) | 32 (16.9) | 18 (9.6) | 0.02 |
| VA, % of predicted | 87 (78.5–94) | 97 (89–110) | 0.0001 |
| KNO, % of predicted | 90 (83–99) | 86 (80–93) | 0.0001 |
| KNO < LLN, N (%) | 18 (9.5) | 21 (11.2) | 0.39 |
| KCO, % of predicted | 96 (84–105) | 93 (83–102) | 0.0001 |
| KCO < LLN, N (%) | 10 (5.3) | 10 (5.3) | 0.99 |
| DMCO, % of predicted | 69 (57–79.5) | 71 (60–81) | 0.001 |
| DMCO/VA, % of predicted | 83 (74–93.7) | 78 (69–86) | 0.0001 |
| Vc, % of predicted | 85 (74–98) | 97 (84–110) | 0.0001 |
| Vc/VA, % of predicted | 101 (88–112.5) | 100 (89–113) | 0.40 |
| DLNO/DLCO | 4.5 (4.3–4.6) | 4.3 (4.2–4.5) | 0.0001 |
| DMCO/Vc | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 0.0001 |
| Exercise capacity (6MWT) | N = 181 | N = 179 | |
| 6-min walking distance, m | 456 (391–521) | 510 (465–558) | 0.0001 |
| Initial oxygen saturation, % | 98 (97–99) | 98 (97–98) | 0.08 |
| Final oxygen saturation, % | 97 (95–98) | 97 (96–97) | 0.23 |
| Initial Borg scale dyspnea (1–10) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.64 |
| Final Borg scale dyspnea (1–10) | 2 (0–4) | 1 (0–5) | 0.41 |
| Laboratory parameters | N = 192 | N = 192 | |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 339 (225–565-5) | 328 (315–515) | 0.09 |
| Lactate deshydrogenase, U/L | 195 (173–217) | 191 (163–308) | 0.06 |
| Chest X-ray | N = 194 | N = 194 | |
| Persistence of any lung injuries, N (%) | 54 (27.8) | 11 (5.7) | 0.0001 |
| Chest CT | N = 87 | N = 70 | |
| Score extension affectation | 6 (0–11) | 5 (3–8) | 0.0001 |
| Ground glass opacities > 25%, N (%) | 27 (31) | 13 (18.6) | 0.0001 |
| Presence of reticulation, N (%) | 24 (27.6) | 21 (30) | 0.38 |
| Presence of bronchiectasis, N (%) | 18 (20.7) | 20 (28.6) | 0.80 |
Median (25th and 75th percentile). Wilcoxon test
FVC forced vital capacity, LLN lower limits of normal, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in first one second, DLNO diffusion capacity of nitric oxide, DLCO diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide, VA alveolar lung volume, KNO rate of uptake of nitric oxide from alveolar gas, KCO rate of uptake of carbon monoxide from alveolar gas, DMNO membrane conductance of nitric oxide, VC pulmonary capillary blood volume, 6MWT six-minute walk test, CT computerized tomography