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. 2023 Feb 13;47(4):325–334. doi: 10.1038/s41366-023-01272-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Representative lung immunofluorescence images of STING⁺/CD68⁺ macrophages from patients with obesity and controls. Scale bars represent 25 μm. b Quantification analysis of the numbers of STING⁺/CD68⁺ macrophages in patients with obesity and controls (n = 3 each group). c Body weight of regular chow (n = 14) and high-fat diet (n = 15) fed mice. d, e Representative western blots of STING expressions (d), and (e) group data of STING fold change in equal amounts of protein extracts of lung tissues from lean (n = 8) and DIO (n = 9) mice. f The levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) in lung tissues were significantly increased in DIO compared to lean mice (n = 4 each group). g qPCR analysis showed the mRNA levels of TNF-α (n = 4), IL-6 (n = 8) and IFNβ (n = 4) in DIO and control mouse lung tissues. h ELISA analysis showed that the protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines in lung homogenates were increased in DIO mice (n = 4 each group). i ELISA analysis showed that the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in BALF were increased in DIO mice (n = 6 each group). Data represent mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using two-tailed Student’s t test or Mann-Whitney test.