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. 2023 Feb 13;47(4):325–334. doi: 10.1038/s41366-023-01272-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — MH-S and RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with PA (0.6 mM) for 24 h in the absence or presence of amlexanox (50 μM, 2 h before PA stimulation). a, b Representative western blots of the p-IRF3 (a), IRF3 (a), p-p65 (b) and p-65 (b) in PA-treated MH-S cells and RAW264.7 macrophages with or without amlexanox. c–f Group data of p-IRF3/IRF3 (c, e) and p-p65/p65 (d, f) fold change in equal amounts of protein extracts of PA-treated MH-S cells and RAW264.7 macrophages with or without amlexanox. n = 3 biologically independent experiments in each group. g, h ELISA analysis showed that amlexanox decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IFNβ in PA-treated MH-S cells (g) and RAW264.7 macrophages (h). n = 3 biologically independent experiments. Data represent mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using two-tailed Student’s t test.