Table 2.

Different Classes of Bacteriocins derived from lactic acid bacteria and their characteristic features

Class	Subclasses	Characteristic Features	Cyclic peptides	Reference
I lantibiotic	Lanthipeptides—Ia; globular and inflexible bacteriocins—IIb; sactpeptides—Iic	Small (< 5 kDa) peptides consisting of lanthionine and beta-methyllanthionine.	Nisin Z and Q, Nukacin ISK-1, Subtilin, Mersacidin	(Ahmad et al. 2017; Mokoena 2017)
II non-lantibiotic	IIa—peptides like pediocin IIb two-peptides IIc leaderless Non-pediocin like single peptide—IId	Small heat-stable, non-lanthionine-containing bacteriocins. Heat stable peptides active mainly against Listeria Monocytogenes. Two-peptide bacteriocins, Circular bacteriocins.	Enterocin NRK-5- 3c, Enterocin A, Munditicin, Leucocin A, Lactococcin q, enterocin, nrk-5- 3az, Plantaricin Lactocyclin q, leucocyclin q	(Alvarez-Sieiro et al. 2016; Bédard and Biron 2018; Borreoro et al. 2011; Fimland et al. 2005; Nissen-Meyer et al. 2010; Oppegard et al. 2007; Perez et al. 2018; Sawa et al. 2009)
III	Bacteriolysins-IIIa, Nonlutic-IIIb	High mol. weight bacteriocins > 30 kDa which are thermolabile and unmodified peptides. Destroys target cells by disrupting plasma membrane potential.	Lysostaphin, Helveticin J	(Sun et al. 2018)

iNOS inducible NO synthase, NF-KB nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells, ERK extracellular signal regulated kinase pathway, IL interleukin, LPS lipopolysaccharide