Table 1.
Putative molecular hallmarks of the seed response to priming
| Type | Name | Function | Plant species | Seed priming | Stress treatment | Methodology | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G | CAP85 | Response to desiccation stress | S. oleracea L | Osmopriming | – | QRT-PCR | Chen et al. (2012a, b) |
| P5CS | Proline biosynthesis | B. napus L | Osmopriming | – | Kubala et al. (2015a, b) | ||
| RAD3, RAD54 | DNA repair (NER, HR) | C. arietinum L |
Hydropriming Osmopriming |
– | Sharma & Maheshwari (2015) | ||
| OGG1, LIGIV | DNA repair (BER) | M. truncatula L | – | TSA-induced genotoxic stress | Pagano et al. (2017) | ||
|
ALKBH1, APE1, FEN1, LIG1 SOD, MT2, TRH1 SPDS, SPMS |
DNA repair (BER) ROS scavenging Polyamine biosynthesis |
M. truncatula L | – | NaB-induced genotoxic stress | Pagano et al. (2019) | ||
| TPS1, TPS7, TPS10, TPPA, TPPI, TRE | Threalose metabolism | M. truncatula L | – | Osmotic/salt stress | Macovei et al. (2019) | ||
|
OGG1, FPG1 SOD, APX |
DNA repair (BER) ROS scavenging |
S. melongena L |
Hydropriming Osmopriming |
– |
Forti et. al 2020a Kiran et al. (2020) |
||
|
FPG1 SOD, APX, MT2 |
DNA repair (BER) ROS scavenging |
M. truncatula L |
Hydropriming Biopriming |
– | Forti et al. (2020b) | ||
| 5.8S rRNA | Ribogenesis |
M. truncatula L M. sativa L |
Hydropriming |
Desiccation stress Overpriming |
Pagano et al. (2022a, b) | ||
| P | β-Tubulin | Microtubules, DNA replication | C. annuum L | Osmopriming | – | Immunoblotting | Lanteri et al. (2000) |
| Dehydrin CAP85 | Response to desiccation stress | S. oleracea L | Osmopriming | – | Chen et al. (2012a, b) | ||
| Isocitrate lyase | Reserve mobilization | B. vulgaris L | Hydropriming | – | Proteomics | Catusse et al. (2011) | |
| Galactinol synthase | RFOs synthesis | A. thaliana | – | Accelerated aging | Enzyme assay | Li et al. (2017a, b) | |
| M | Galactinol | Osmoprotectant | C. arietinum L | – | Storage | GC-FID, GFC | Salvi et a. (2016) |
| Galactinol | Osmoprotectant | Z. mays L | – | Accelerated aging | Li et al. (2017a, b) | ||
| Phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol | Membrane integrity |
A. thaliana L. perenne L N. tabacum L |
– | Desiccation stress | Lipidomics | Hu et al. (2018) | |
| Polyamines | ROS scavenging | M. truncatula L | – | NaB-induced genotoxic stress | Metabolomics | Pagano et al. (2019) | |
| Galactose, gluconic acid | RFOs metabolism | O. sativa L | – | Accelerated aging | Chen et al. (2022) |
For each hallmark, the corresponding function and the plant species investigated are shown. The seed priming technique and/or stress treatment imposed to seeds that allowed to disclose the hallmark, as well as the methodology used are shown
ALKBH alkylation repair homolog, APE apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease, APX ascorbate peroxidase, FEN flap endonuclease, FPG DNA formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase, G gene, GC-FID gas chromatography-flame ionization detector, GFC gel filtration chromatography, LEA late embryogenesis abundant, LIG ligase, M metabolite, MT metallothionein, NaB sodium butyrate, OGG oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, P protein, P5CS pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase, QRT-PCR quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, RAD radiation-sensitive, RFO raffinose family oligosaccharides, SOD superoxide dismutase, SPDS spermidine synthase, SPMS spermine/spermidine synthase, TRH thioredoxin, TSA trichostatin, TPS trehalose phosphate synthase, TPP threalose phosphate phosphatase, TRE trehalase