Summary of recent studies on various types of polymer materials for wound dressings^a.

Material	Name of dressing	Trial	Effectiveness	References
Cellulose	Cellulose nanocrystals and AgNPs	In vivo, in vivo	No toxic effects of the combination of cellulose and AgNPs	174
			Promoting rapid wound healing compared to control groups
	RPC/PB hydrogel	In vitro, in vivo	Exhibiting excellent antibacterial, skin tissue regeneration and wound closure capabilities	175
	Na CMC with merremia mammosa gel	In vivo	Not irritable, accelerating healing process through increasing collagen synthesis and angiogenesis	176
	Oxidized regenerated cellulose membrane	Clinical trials	Stop bleeding in patients with uncontrollable bleeading	177
Bacterial cellulose	BC reinforced chitosan-based hydrogel	In vitro	Showing good biocompability and excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus	178
	Dialdehyde carboxymethyl BC/CS composites	In vivo	Accelerating the wound healing rate and inhibit bacterial proliferation	179
	BC membrane	In vivo	Good biocompability and prevent fibrosis in trabeculectomy	180
	BC gel and associated film	Clinical trials	Decreasing significantly in the size of wound, lower dressing change frequency compared to group using Rayon®	181
	BC dressing	Clinical trials	Shorter healing time in managing second-degree burn wounds and skin graft donor sites compared to vaseline gauzes	182
Collagen	Modified collagen gel	In vitro	Enhancing macrophage attraction to the wound site, reducing proinflammatory virulence, promoting anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization, addressing wound inflammation, and improving angiogenesis	183
	Collagen-based composite dressing	Clinical trial	Forming granulation tissue, enhancing epithelialization, and having faster wound healing time	184 and 185
Chitosan	CS-based opticell dressing	In vivo	The total bleeding significantly decreased in excisional wounds mimicking debridement	186
	HemCon® dental dressing	Clinical trial	Pain values and post-extraction socket healing were lower after suture removal on treating anti-platelet patients	187
	Chitosan dressing	Clinical trial	Reducing wound size and wound depth on chronic, difficult-to-heal wounds such as diabetic ulcers, leg vein ulcers	188
Hyaluronic acid	Incorporation of PVA/HA/cellulose nanocrystals as nanofiber	In vitro	Loading with l-arginine exhibited excellent proliferative and adhesive potential, high wound gap-closure, and showed antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia	189
	0.2% HA	In vivo	Healing skin abrasions in rat's model	190
	PTE-NEs fabricated HA hydrogel	In vitro, in vivo	No toxicity, improve the wound healing through reducing inflamation, enhancing collagen synthesis, accelerating M2 macrophage polarization, and angiogenesis	191
	0.2% and 0.8% HA gel	Clinical trial	Complete epithelization. Pain and burning sensation scales were also lower. Color match scores were higher	192
	Healoderm	Clinical trial	The diabetic foot ulcer group had a higher complete healing rate, faster ulcer healing velocity, and shorter mean duration for achieving a 50% ulcer size reduction	193
Fibrinogen and fibrin	Fibrin combined with Na carboxymethylcellulose	In vitro	In the form of a mesh, supporting the fibroblast adhesion and proliferation, accelerating the wound healing	194
	Fibrin-based hydrogel load BNN6 mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles	In vitro, in vivo	Clearing the infection of methicillin-resistant S. aureus through cell membrane and genetic metabolism damage under 808 nm laser irridation. Accelerating wound healing through collagen deposition and the proliferation of hair follicles	195
	3D salmon fibrinogen and chitosan scaffold	In vitro, in vivo	The cell proliferate in the scaffold and the wound healing is more effective than the untreated group	196
	Alginate-fibrinogen-nisin hydrogel	In vitro, in vivo	Inhibiting the bacteria growth, accelerate the formation of blood clot, show the higher rates of wound healing, re-epithelialization, and collagen deposition	197
	Heterologous fibrin sealant	Clinical trial	Heterologous fibrin sealant is safe and non-immunogenic, showing good preliminary efficacy in chronic venous ulcers treatment	198
Polylysine	Gelatin nanofiber dressing contains εPL	In vitro, in vivo	Eliciting bactericidal activity in burn wounds for fibroblasts migration and re-epithelialization. In partial thickness burns of porcine model, promoting wound closure and reduce hypertrophic scarring	199
	Carbon dots and εPL hydrogel	In vitro, in vivo	Having broad spectrum in antibacterial activity. Enhancing angiogenesis and epithelization that accelerate the wound healing rate	200
	Modified HA/εPL hydrogel	In vitro, in vivo	Killing bacteria in infected wound and improving the wound status in rat model	201
	εPL modified natural silk fiber membrane	In vivo	Exhibiting thicker granulation tissue, higher collagen composition, help accelerate wound healing rate	202

^aAgNPs: silver nanoparticles, RPC: pH responsive cellulose, PB: poly(vinyl alcohol)/borax, CMC: carboxymethyl cellulose, BC: bacterial cellulose, CS: chitosan, PVA: poly(vinyl alcohol), PTE: Poria cocos triterpenes extract, NEs: nanoemulsions, HA: hyaluronic acid, BNN6: N,N′-disecbutyl-N,N′-dinitroso-p-phenylenediamine, εPL: ε-polylysine.