Table 4.
Comparison of fitness parameters among children who are underweight, normal weight and overweight/obese, or stunted versus not stunted, attending quintile three primary schools in the Nelson Mandela Bay region
| Underweight (1) | Normal weight (2) | Overweight/ Obesity (3) | Welch-test | Bonferroni post-hoc comparison | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | F | p | η2 | 1–2 | 1–3 | 2–3 | |
|
|
||||||||||||
| Flexibility (cm) | 30.4 | 5.9 | 31.1 | 6.0 | 32.2 | 5.8 | 2.6 | 0.075 | 0.006 | 1.00 | 0.283 | 0.115 |
| Upper-body muscular strength (kg) | 9.8 | 2.6 | 11.8 | 2.9 | 13.5 | 3.4 | 29.2 | <0.001 | 0.065 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Lower-body muscular strength (cm) | 125.5 | 19.8 | 126.7 | 18.6 | 111.6 | 19.9 | 39.3 | <0.001 | 0.089 | 1.00 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| CRF (VO2max, mL−1kg−1min−1) | 49.1 | 4.0 | 49.7 | 4.3 | 47.0 | 3.8 | 31.6 | <0.001 | 0.060 | 1.00 | 0.012 | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Not stunted | Stunted | Welch-test | ||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | F | p | η 2 | ||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
| Flexibility (cm) | 31.3 | 6.0 | 31.4 | 5.9 | 0.0 | 0.867 | 0.000 | |||||
| Upper-body muscular strength (kg) | 12.3 | 3.1 | 10.3 | 2.6 | 48.9 | <0.001 | 0.041 | |||||
| Lower-body muscular strength (cm) | 123.8 | 20.3 | 123.7 | 15.4 | 0.0 | 0.929 | 0.000 | |||||
| CRF (VO2max, mL−1kg−1min−1) | 49.2 | 4.2 | 49.0 | 4.9 | 0.2 | 0.615 | 0.000 | |||||
CRF, cardiorespiratory fitness