Table 2.
Accelerometer measures, motor skills and executive function results, by sex and setting
| Accelerometer measures | Total (n=58) | Boys (n=30) | Girls (n=28) | p value‡ | Rural (n=36) | Urban (n=22) | p value§ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total stepping (min/day) | 228.2 ± 43.1 | 241.7 ± 38.7 | 213.7 ± 43.6 | 0.012* | 238.0 ± 42.6 | 212.1 ±39.9 | 0.025* |
| Total standing (min/day) | 258.5 ± 41.0 | 252.3 ± 39.8 | 265.1 ± 41.9 | 0.235 | 255.3 ± 41.6 | 263.6 ± 40.2 | 0.459 |
| Total sitting (min/day) | 323.5 ± 62.4 | 324.2 ± 60.7 | 322.8 ± 65.3 | 0.930 | 312.9 ± 56.0 | 340.9 ± 69.5 | 0.097 |
| Lying (min/day) | 23.2 ± 50.8 0.0 (0.0 – 31.8) |
20.4 ± 44.6 0.0 (0.0 – 8.0) |
26.3 ± 57.4 0.0 (0.0 – 36.1) |
0.707 | 20.4 ± 51.6 0.0 (0.0 – 0.0) |
27.9 ± 50.3 0.0 (0.0 – 41.7) |
0.405 |
| Total SB (min/day) | 385.2 ± 84.9 | 379.7.1 ± 91.0 | 391.3 ± 78.8 | 0.370 | 385.2 ± 81.4 | 385.0 ± 92.0 | 0.630 |
| Bouts >30 min | 0.26 ± 0.61 0.00 (0.00 – 0.00) |
0.37 ± 0.72 0.00 (0.00 – 1.00) |
0.14 ± 0.45 0.00 (0.00 – 0.00) |
0.129 | 0.17 ± 0.45 0.00 (0.00 – 0.00) |
0.41 ± 0.80 0.00 (0.00 – 1.00) |
0.192 |
| Motorised transportation (min/day) | 39.7 ± 32.4 30.8 (16.8 – 53.1) |
41.5 ± 33.9 33.2 (16.8 – 55.0) |
37.8 ± 31.2 29.8 (16.5 – 51.9) |
0.663 | 41.1 ± 34.6 31.0 (16.7 – 59.0) |
37.5 ± 29.0 30.8 (18.9 – 51.9) |
0.873 |
| Sleep (min/day) | 605.0 ± 65.1 | 606.8 ± 74.0 | 603.2 ± 55.3 | 0.835 | 586.5 ± 62.4 | 585.3 ± 63.5 | 0.070 |
|
| |||||||
| Motor skills | Total (n=78) | Boys (n=39) | Girls (n=39) | p value ‡ | Rural (n=42) | Urban (n=36) | p value § |
|
| |||||||
| Gross motor skills | 55.9 ± 7.4 60.0 (54.0 – 60.0) |
55.3 ± 8.7 60.0 (54.0 – 60.0) |
56.6 ± 5.8 60.0 (54.0 – 60.0) |
0.811 | 56.7 ± 7.2 60.0 (58.5 – 60.0) |
55.0 ± 7.6 60.0 (49.5 – 60.0) |
0.173 |
| Fine motor skills | 40.5 ± 12.7 | 38.9 ± 12.5 | 42.2 ± 12.7 | 0.247 | 33.5 ± 10.5 | 48.8 ± 9.7 | <0.0005** |
|
| |||||||
| Executive function | Total (n=78) | Boys (n=39) | Girls (n=39) | p value ‡ | Rural (n=42) | Urban (n=36) | p value § |
|
| |||||||
| Working memory † | 1.09 ± 1.01 1.00 (0.00 – 2.00) |
1.14 ± 1.17 0.83 (0.0 – 2.08) |
1.03 ± 0.81 1.00 (0.08 – 1.83) |
0.930 | 0.90 ± 0.83 1.00 (0.00 – 1.33) |
1.30 ± 1.16 1.50 (0.00 – 2.08) |
0.144 |
| Inhibition † | 0.59 ± 0.22 | 0.57 ± 0.21 | 0.60 ± 0.22 | 0.569 | 0.54 ± 0.20 | 0.65 ± 0.22 | 0.026* |
| Shifting † | 5.34 ± 4.49 4.00 (0.00 – 9.00) |
5.50 ± 4.41 5.00 (1.00 – 9.00) |
5.18 ± 4.61 4.00 (0.00 – 9.00) |
0.689 | 5.51 ± 4.23 7.00 (1.50 – 9.00) |
5.12 ± 4.85 4.00 (0.00 – 10.00) |
0.712 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD for normally distributed data; not normally distributed data also includes median (25th – 75th percentile).
*
indicates significance at p<0.05;
**
indicates significance at p<0.0005;
‡
p value for comparison by sex;
§
p value for comparison by setting. SB, sedentary behaviour (sitting, restrained sitting and lying combined); EF, executive function;
†
indicates missing data for working memory (n=4; 1 boy and 3 girls; 2 from rural setting and 2 from urban setting), inhibition (n=2; 1 boy and 1 girl; 1 from rural setting and 1 from urban setting), shifting (n=4; 3 boys and 1 girls; 1 from rural setting and 3 from urban setting).