TABLE 1.
Study participant characteristics at the baseline.
| Group | Intervention (INT) | Control (CONT) |
|---|---|---|
| n | 33 | 31 |
| Men, n (%) | 13 (39) | 14 (45) |
| Age, yr | 59 (6) | 57 (8) |
| Antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 17 (52) | 17 (55) |
| Cholesterol medication, n (%) | 9 (27) | 5 (16) |
| Energy intake, kJ·d−1 | 7271 (1603) | 7789 (1725) |
| Energy intake/body mass, kJ·kg−1·d−1 | 79.7 (16.1) | 84.8 (22.1) |
| Metabolic variables | ||
| MetS score | 0.71 (3.01) | −0.42 (3.15) |
| SBP, mm Hg | 146 (15) | 139 (16) |
| DBP, mm Hg | 89 (8) | 88 (9) |
| HR, bpm | 69 (10) | 66 (6) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 111.1 (11.6) | 110.7 (11.1) |
| Body height, cm | 170.9 (8.7) | 172.1 (8.4) |
| Body mass, kg | 92.4 (16.6) | 94.1 (15.8) |
| BMI, kg·m−2 | 31.5 (4.0) | 31.7 (4.6) |
| Body fat, % | 43.1 (8.0) | 43.1 (8.0) |
| FFM, kg | 52.6 (11.9) | 53.2 (9.8) |
| Median M-value, μmol·kg−1·min−1 (Q1, Q3) | 15.3 (10.7, 21.0) | 13.9 (9.8, 21.0) |
| fP-Glucose, mmol·L−1 | 5.9 (0.5) | 5.8 (0.4) |
| Median fP-Insulin, mU·L−1 (Q1, Q3) | 9 (7, 13) | 11 (7, 17) |
| Median HOMA-IR (Q1, Q3) | 2.4 (1.8, 3.8) | 2.8 (1.6, 4.3) |
| HbA1c, mmol·L−1 | 37 (2.8) | 36.3 (2.7) |
| Accelerometer variables | ||
| Accelerometry, d | 25.8 (3.7) | 25.7 (3.4) |
| Accelerometry, h·d−1 | 14.5 (1.0) | 14.6 (1.0) |
| Sedentary time, h·d−1 | 10.0 (0.9) | 10.1 (1.1) |
| Sedentary proportion, %·d−1 | 69.3 (5.6) | 68.8 (6.6) |
| Standing time, h·d−1 | 1.8 (0.6) | 1.8 (0.6) |
| LPA, h·d−1 | 1.7 (0.4) | 1.8 (0.5) |
| MVPA, h·d−1 | 0.96 (0.31) | 0.97 (0.34) |
| Breaks in sedentary time, n per day | 28 (8) | 29 (8) |
| Steps, n per day | 5204 (1910) | 5091 (1760) |
Unless otherwise stated, the results are presented as mean (SD). The differences between groups were tested with t-tests or Fisher’s exact test when applicable, and no significant differences between groups were found.
DBP, diastolic blood pressure; fP-Glucose, fasting plasma glucose; fP-Insulin, fasting plasma insulin; HR, resting heart rate; MetS score, sum score of waist circumference, mean blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and the HDL/triglyceride ratio; M-value, whole-body GU in HEC; Q1, first quartile; Q3, third quartile; SBP, systolic blood pressure.