Table 5.
Incidence rate and risk of CVD according to LDL-C levels and number of risk factors
| LDL-C, mg/dL | No risk factor |
1–2 risk factors |
≥3 risk factors |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IR | HR (95% CI) | IR | HR (95% CI) | IR | HR (95% CI) | ||
| Composite | 0–<70 | 1.47 | 1 (reference) | 8.33 | 1 (reference) | 11.73 | 1 (reference) |
| 70–<100 | 1.48 | 1.06 (0.61–1.86) | 8.86 | 1.09 (1.02–1.15) | 13.72 | 1.18 (1.09–1.27) | |
| 100–<130 | 1.82 | 1.30 (0.76–2.23) | 9.35 | 1.16 (1.09–1.23) | 14.50 | 1.26 (1.17–1.36) | |
| 130–<160 | 1.72 | 1.20 (0.69–2.10) | 10.48 | 1.30 (1.23–1.39) | 15.49 | 1.34 (1.24–1.46) | |
| 160–<190 | 1.72 | 1.15 (0.59–2.21) | 11.71 | 1.46 (1.36–1.58) | 16.43 | 1.43 (1.27–1.60) | |
| ≥190 | 3.48 | 2.23 (1.09–4.54) | 12.79 | 1.60 (1.44–1.78) | 19.91 | 1.70 (1.46–1.99) | |
| P for trend | 0.112 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| MI | 0–<70 | 0.52 | 1 (reference) | 2.68 | 1 (reference) | 4.07 | 1 (reference) |
| 70–<100 | 0.57 | 1.15 (0.46–2.93) | 2.84 | 1.11 (1.01–1.24) | 4.91 | 1.25 (1.11–1.41) | |
| 100–<130 | 0.82 | 1.65 (0.68–3.98) | 3.06 | 1.23 (1.11–1.37) | 5.20 | 1.37 (1.21–1.55) | |
| 130–<160 | 0.54 | 1.07 (0.41–2.79) | 3.49 | 1.41 (1.27–1.57) | 5.46 | 1.42 (1.24–1.63) | |
| 160–<190 | 0.63 | 1.25 (0.42–3.72) | 4.33 | 1.74 (1.53–1.98) | 7.10 | 1.82 (1.53–2.17) | |
| ≥190 | 1.72 | 3.41 (1.14–10.22) | 4.95 | 1.97 (1.66–2.33) | 8.48 | 2.09 (1.64–2.65) | |
| P for trend | 0.200 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Stroke | 0–<70 | 0.95 | 1 (reference) | 5.99 | 1 (reference) | 8.15 | 1 (reference) |
| 70–<100 | 0.98 | 1.06 (0.53–2.12) | 6.32 | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) | 9.27 | 1.12 (1.03–1.22) | |
| 100–<130 | 1.02 | 1.12 (0.57–2.19) | 6.61 | 1.12 (1.04–1.20) | 9.71 | 1.18 (1.08–1.29) | |
| 130–<160 | 1.25 | 1.32 (0.67–2.61) | 7.36 | 1.24 (1.16–1.34) | 10.65 | 1.29 (1.17–1.43) | |
| 160–<190 | 1.08 | 1.08 (0.48–2.46) | 7.92 | 1.35 (1.23–1.47) | 9.93 | 1.21 (1.05–1.40) | |
| ≥190 | 1.98 | 1.84 (0.74–4.61) | 8.31 | 1.43 (1.25–1.62) | 11.91 | 1.46 (1.20–1.78) | |
| P for trend | 0.252 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, current smoking, alcohol intake, regular physical activity, estimated glomerular filtration rate, triglyceride-lowering medication, statin treatment. Risk factors: age (male ≥45 years, female ≥55 years), family history of CVD, hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive drugs), current smoking, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<40 mg/dL).
CVD, cardiovascular disease; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IR, incidence rate; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; MI, myocardial infarction.
Composite, composite outcome of myocardial infraction and ischemic stroke.