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. 2023 Feb 14;211:105555. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105555

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© 2023 The Authors

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Fig. 2 — Antiviral activity of nirmatrelvir against four coronaviruses in cell culture models.

(A) The effects of nirmatrelvir on intracellular viral RNA levels of SARS-CoV-2 in Calu-3 cells, OC43 and 229E in Huh7 cells and NL63 in LLC-MK2 cells (n = 4–9). (B) Virus replication curves of these coronaviruses in Calu-3, Huh7 and LLC-MK2 cells treated with nirmatrelvir (n = 4–9). (C) TCID50 assay quantifying titers of secreted infectious virus particles at 48 h post-treatment of nirmatrelvir (n = 4–5). (D) The effects of nirmatrelvir on intracellular viral RNA levels of OC43 and 229E in human airway organoids (hAOs) (n = 5). (E & F) Immunofluorescence staining of OC43 and 229E viral dsRNA, cytomembrane marker EpCAM and DAPI in hAOs.