Table 3.

Confirmatory factor analysis results for the RI-9.

	Item short description	Est	S.E	Est/S.E	P value
1	Believing obstacles can be overcome	0.800	0.032	24.757	< 0.0001
2	Withstanding pressure	0.711	0.036	19.549	< 0.0001
3	Having pride in one’s ability to master challenges	0.696	0.042	16.654	< 0.0001
4	Believing one has abilities	0.852	0.025	34.187	< 0.0001
5	Facing a problem makes one fight actively	0.820	0.026	32.131	< 0.0001
6	Always being fully conscious about it	0.691	0.039	17.762	< 0.0001
7	Being one of those who are talented	0.837	0.027	31.111	< 0.0001
8	This obstacle gives rise to learning	0.782	0.034	22.771	< 0.0001
9	This time of crisis provides an opportunity	0.766	0.033	22.965	< 0.0001

Est = Estimated coefficients, SE = standard error, Fit statistics showed Chi-square = 39.717, df = 23, p = 0.017, CFI = 0.995, TLI = 0.992, RMSEA 0.056 (90% CI 0.024–0.085), SRMR = 0.023.