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. 2023 Jan 16;13(3):955–972. doi: 10.7150/thno.76553

Figure 1.

Figure 1

PHL attenuates the CMS-induced depressive-like behaviors. (A) The chemical structure of PHL. (B) Time concentration (Conc.) curve of PHL in the rat brain tissues (n = 3 rats per time point). (C) Schematic diagrams of the PHL and CMS treatment and behavioral tests. (D) Effects of different doses of PHL (10, 20, and 50 mg/kg) on the body weight of rats in different groups (n = 8 rats per group). (E) Sucrose preference was measured in CMS rats after PHL treatment (n = 8 rats per group). (F-G) The FST was evaluated in CMS rats after PHL treatment (n = 8 rats per group). The immobility time spent in the FST (F). The climbing time spent in the FST (G). (H-I) The OFT was performed in CMS rats after PHL treatment (n = 8 per group). The total distance traveled in the open field area (H). Time spent in the center (I). (J) Representative animal traces of rat movement in the OFT. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA with the Tukey's post hoc test (D). One-way ANOVA with the Tukey's post hoc test (E-I). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. ns, no significant difference.