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. 2022 Nov 12;72(2):181–194. doi: 10.1007/s00011-022-01658-z

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Fig. 3 — Optimization of LPS concentration based on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Data is present as relative changes of mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α analysed by quantitative real-time PCR. Each point represents the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, each of which consisted of three replicates per treatment group. Data are presented as a percentage of control cells treated with 0.1% DMSO (Veh). Statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s test at significance level α = 0.05 (*p < 0.1, ***p < 0.001)