mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and BEZ-235 restrict egress of VP40 VLPs via CASA. (A–D) eVP40 and mVP40 VLP budding assays in Huh7 cells and VP40 VLP quantification (bar graphs) in the absence or presence of either rapamycin (A and C) or BEZ-235 (B and D). Statistical significance was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. ns: not significant, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. (E and F) Confocal images of HAP1 WT (E) and BAG3 KO (F) cells co-expressing LC3-mCherry (red) and GFP-eVP40 (green) with or without rapamycin treatment (200 nM) (Scale bar, 10 µm.). (G and H) eVP40 VLP budding assays in HAP1 WT and BAG3 KO cells with the treatment of rapamycin (G) and VLP quantification (H). Statistical significance was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. ns: not significant, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.