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. 2023 Jan 3;120(2):e2202683120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2202683120

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Patchy ecosystems with irregular patterns that lack scale-dependent feedbacks but that have strong feedbacks between a sessile species and mobile conserved consumer or resource. (A) Interactions between plants and herbivores result in the formation of grazing lanes on the island Schiermonnikoog, The Netherlands (53°28′N, 6°9′E; photo by Holly Moors, 2015) and (B) mosaics in a seagrass meadow in the Uithuizerwad, The Netherlands [53°27′N, 6°41′E; reprinted from ref. 25, which is licensed under CC BY 4.0]. (C and D) Feedbacks between dune and dryland vegetation and mobile sand result in coastal embryo dunes on the island Ameland, The Netherlands (53°27′N, 5°45′E; photo by Bas Arens, 2005), and nebkhas near M’hamid, Morocco (29°49′N 5°43′W; Image credit: Koen Siteur). (E and F) The uptake and release of nutrients cause patterning of nutrient-poor peatlands in Siberia, Russia (56°16′N, 81°33′E) and corals of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (18°17′S, 147°42′E). Image credit:Maarten B. Eppinga (E) and imageBROKER / Alamy Stock Photo (F).