Table. Mean Peak Change From Baseline Values for Pharmacodynamic Measuresa.
| Characteristics | Cocktail + 0 mg Δ9-THC + 0 mg CBD | Cocktail + 20 mg Δ9-THC + 0 mg CBD | Cocktail + 20 mg Δ9-THC + 640 mg CBD | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peak Change, Mean (SD) | Peak Time (Range), h | Peak Change, Mean (SD) | Peak Time (Range), h | Peak Change, Mean (SD) | Peak Time (Range), h | |
| Subjective measures from DEQ | ||||||
| Drug effect | 9.4 (27.8) | 1.1 (0 to 6.0) | 59.2 (31.1)b | 2.1 (0 to 4.0) | 72.8 (25.9)b,c | 2.9 (0.5 to 6.0) |
| Unpleasant | 4.1 (12.9) | 1.0 (0 to 6.0) | 19.6 (23.4)b | 1.7 (0 to 4.0) | 38.6 (28.0)b,c | 3.3 (1.0 to 6.0) |
| Pleasant | 12.0 (29.4) | 0.9 (0 to 6.0) | 55.9 (31.1)b | 2.2 (0 to 6.0) | 57.9 (29.8)b | 2.1 (0.5 to 6.0) |
| Drug liking | 23.8 (23.2) | 1.3 (0 to 4.0) | 52.6 (38.3)b | 2.2 (0 to 6.0) | 60.6 (31.2)b | 1.8 (0.5 to 4.0) |
| Sick | 3.4 (9.0) | 0.9 (0 to 6.0) | 11.6 (18.9) | 1.3. (0 to 6.0) | 26.1 (22.3)b,c | 3.0 (0.0 to 6.0) |
| Heart racing | 5.3 (12.6) | 0.8 (0 to 4.0) | 27.7 (29.3)b | 1.7 (0 to 6.0) | 36.3 (30.7)b | 2.1 (0.5 to 6.0) |
| Anxious/nervous | 4.1 (14.8) | 1.2 (0 to 6.0) | 13.3 (20.2) | 1.4 (0 to 6.0) | 23.9 (29.1)b | 2.6 (0 to 6.0) |
| Relaxed | – 14.3 (34.9) | 2.5 (0 to 6.0) | 0.3 (48.9) | 2.6 (0 to 6.0) | – 11.6 (45.8) | 2.2 (0 to 6.0) |
| Paranoid | – 0.1 (8.0) | 0.4 (0 to 2.0) | 12.0 (16.8)b | 1.5 (0 to 4.0) | 23.4 (28.8)b | 2.1 (0 to 4.0) |
| Sleepy/tired | – 12.9 (38.3) | 2.4 (0 to 6.0) | 21.0 (42.9)b | 2.6 (0 to 6.0) | 42.6 (42.3)b | 3.6 (0.5 to 6.0) |
| Alert | – 4.1 (30.8) | 3.3 (0 to 6.0) | – 15.8 (35.4) | 3.0 (0 to 6.0) | – 10.7 (44.2) | 3.0 (0 to 6.0) |
| Irritable | – 2.1 (8.3) | 0.6 (0 to 4.0) | 6.7 (10.4)b | 1.3 (0 to 6.0) | 9.9 (15.6)b | 1.9 (0 to 6.0) |
| Vigorous/motivated | 2.3 (31.1) | 2.3 (0 to 6.0) | – 2.1 (37.0) | 2.1 (0 to 6.0) | – 1.7 (36.2) | 1.5 (0 to 4.0) |
| Restless | 4.2 (11.2) | 0.6 (0 to 4.0) | 19.4 (33.3) | 2.1 (0 to 6.0) | 25.2 (31.7)b | 1.7 (0 to 6.0) |
| Hungry/had munchies | 21.4 (32.8) | 2.4 (0 to 6.0) | 38.1 (34.8) | 2.5 (0 to 6.0) | 45.2 (40.2) | 2.5 (0 to 6.0) |
| Cannabis craving | – 1.0 (11.5) | 1.4 (0 to 6.0) | 7.3 (19.2) | 0.9 (0 to 3.0) | 0.8 (21.2) | 1.4 (0 to 6.0) |
| Dry mouth | 1.8 (12.2) | 0.9 (0 to 3.0) | 35.0 (36.3)b | 1.8 (0 to 6.0) | 45.6 (33.5)b | 3.2 (1.0 to 6.0) |
| Dry/red eyes | 3.6 (8.6) | 0.4 (0 to 1.0) | 15.9 (27.5) | 1.8 (0 to 4.0) | 28.8 (31.6)b,c | 2.4 (0 to 6.0) |
| Memory impairment | 5.6 (10.0) | 0.8 (0 to 4.0) | 27.4 (31.7)b | 2.2 (0 to 6.0) | 37.8 (32.6)b,c | 2.5 (0 to 4.0) |
| Throat irritation/coughing | 2.2 (5.2) | 0.5 (0 to 3.0) | 10.6 (14.4)b | 1.8 (0 to 6.0) | 15.0 (19.1)b | 2.2 (0 to 6.0) |
| Difficulty performing routine tasks | 6.6 (13.4) | 1.2 (0 to 6.0) | 30.3 (27.8)b | 1.6 (0 to 4.0) | 46.7 (30.3)b,c | 2.9 (0 to 4.0) |
| Cognitive measures | ||||||
| DSST | 2.5 (7.5) | 3.6 (0.5 to 6.0) | – 2.7 (11.2) | 3.3 (1.0 to 6.0) | – 9.9 (17.6)b | 3.4 (1.0 to 6.0) |
| DAT | – 2.1 (9.4) | 3.0 (0.5 to 6.0) | 15.9 (24.7)b | 2.2 (1.0 to 4.0) | 32.7 (39.2)b,c | 3.3 (1.0 to 6.0) |
| PASAT | – 1.1 (14.2) | 2.8 (0.5 to 6.0) | – 6.6 (19.1) | 1.9 (0.5 to 6.0) | – 22.7 (24.6)b,c | 3.2 (1.0 to 6.0) |
| Physiological measures | ||||||
| Heart rate, beats/min | – 4.4 (12.4) | 3.3 (0.5 to 6.0) | 10.1 (14.1)b | 2.5 (0.5 to 6.0) | 25.4 (20.9)b,c | 2.3 (1.0 to 6.0) |
| Blood pressure, mmHg | ||||||
| Diastolic | 0.6 (15.3) | 2.3 (0.5 to 6.0) | 2.1 (17.8) | 3.0 (1.0 to 6.0) | 5.1 (15.5) | 2.4 (0.5 to 6.0) |
| Systolic | 3.6 (17.0) | 2.6 (0.5 to 6.0) | 7.4 (18.4) | 2.3 (0.5 to 6.0) | – 10.8 (20.5) | 2.6 (0.5 to 6.0) |
Abbreviations: CBD, cannabidiol; DAT, divided attention task; DEQ, drug effect questionnaire; DSST, digit symbol substitution task; PASAT, paced serial addition task; THC, tetrahydrocannabinol.
a
No. = 18 for total sample.
b
Significant difference from placebo (P < .05) using a Tukey multiple comparisons test.
c
Significant difference between Δ-9-THC and Δ-9-THC/CBD (P < .05) a Tukey multiple comparisons test.