Table 1.
Association between demographic variables and different types of violence
| Variable | Frequency (%) | Overall violence | Physical violence | Psychological violence | Sexual violence | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | ||||||
| < 25 | 134 (16.1) | 122 (91.0) | 5 (3.7) | 122 (91.0) | 14 (10.4) | |
| 25–29 | 171 (20.6) | 159 (93.0) | 13 (7.6) | 159 (93.0) | 12 (7.0) | |
| 30–34 | 315 (38.0) | 291 (92.4) | 34 (10.8) | 289 (91.7) | 41 (13.0) | |
| 35–39 | 161 (19.4) | 155 (96.3) | 10 (6.2) | 155 (96.3) | 21 (13.0) | |
| > 39 | 49 (5.9) | 46 (93.9) | 2 (4.1) | 46 (93.9) | 3 (6.1) | |
| P-value | - | 0.45 | 0.07 | 0.38 | 0.20 | |
| Education status | ||||||
| Under diploma | 252 (30.4) | 229 (90.9) | 21 (8.3) | 229 (90.9) | 31 (12.3) | |
| Diploma | 344 (41.4) | 320 (93.0) | 29 (8.4) | 320 (93.0) | 45 (13.1) | |
| University degree | 234 (28.2) | 224 (95.7) | 14 (6.0) | 222 (94.9) | 15 (6.4) | |
| P-value | - | 0.11 | 0.50 | 0.23 | 0.03* | |
| Job | ||||||
| Housewife | 760 (91.6) | 706 (92.9) | 62 (8.2) | 704 (92.6) | 88 (11.6) | |
| Employed | 70 (8.4) | 67 (95.7) | 2 (2.9) | 67 (95.7) | 3 (4.3) | |
| P-value | - | 0.47 | 0.11 | 0.47 | 0.06 | |
| Parents living in the same house | ||||||
| Yes | 826 (99.5) | 770 (93.2) | 64 (7.7) | 768 (93.0) | 91 (11.0) | |
| No | 4 (0.5) | 3 (75.0) | 0 (0) | 3 (75.0) | 0 (0) | |
| P-value | - | 0.25 | 0.99 | 0.26 | 0.99 | |
| Socio-economic status | ||||||
| Low | 302 (36.4) | 268 (88.7) | 13 (4.3) | 267 (88.4) | 23 (7.6) | |
| Middle | 354 (42.7) | 342 (96.6) | 48 (13.6) | 341 (96.3) | 63 (17.8) | |
| High | 174 (21.0) | 163 (93.7) | 3 (1.7) | 163 (93.7) | 5 (2.9) | |
| P-value | - | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | |
| Residence area | ||||||
| City | 628 (75.7) | 585 (93.2) | 48 (7.6) | 583 (92.8) | 62 (9.9) | |
| Rural | 202 (24.3) | 188 (93.1) | 16 (7.9) | 188 (93.1) | 29 (14.4) | |
| P-value | - | 0.97 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.08 | |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Fars | 583 (70.2) | 545 (93.5) | 37 (6.3) | 543 (93.1) | 60 (10.3) | |
| Lor | 117 (14.1) | 107 (91.5) | 13 (11.1) | 107 (91.5) | 12 (10.3) | |
| Tork | 99 (11.9) | 90 (90.9) | 11 (11.1) | 90 (90.9) | 14 (4.1) | |
| Other | 31 (3.7) | 31 (100) | 3 (9.7) | 31 (100) | 5 (16.1) | |
| P-value | - | 0.30 | 0.16 | 0.34 | 0.54 | |
| Marriage duration (years) | ||||||
| < 5 | 272 (32.8) | 256 (94.1) | 19 (7.0) | 256 (94.1) | 25 (9.2) | |
| 5–10 | 319 (38.4) | 297 (93.1) | 22 (6.9) | 296 (92.8) | 33 (10.3) | |
| > 10 | 239 (28.8) | 220 (92.1) | 23 (9.6) | 219 (91.6) | 33 (13.8) | |
| P-value | - | 0.65 | 0.42 | 0.55 | 0.23 | |
| Number of living children | ||||||
| 1 | 283 (34.1) | 264 (93.3) | 17 (6.0) | 264 (93.3) | 28 (9.9) | |
| 2 | 279 (33.6) | 259 (92.8) | 21 (7.5) | 258 (92.5) | 28 (10.0) | |
| 3 | 164 (19.8) | 156 (95.1) | 16 (9.8) | 156 (95.1) | 21 (12.8) | |
| >= 4 | 104 (12.5) | 94 (90.4) | 10 (9.6) | 93 (89.4) | 14 (13.5) | |
| P-value | - | 0.51 | 0.45 | 0.35 | 0.61 | |
| Mother wanted the baby | ||||||
| No | 32 (3.9) | 26 (81.3) | 8 (25.0) | 26 (81.3) | 10 (31.3) | |
| Yes | 798 (96.1) | 747 (93.6) | 56 (7.0) | 745 (93.4) | 81 (10.2) | |
| P-value | - | 0.02* | 0.002* | 0.02* | 0.001* | |
| Father wanted the baby | ||||||
| No | 27 (3.3) | 23 (85.2) | 8 (29.6) | 23 (85.2) | 11 (40.7) | |
| Yes | 803 (96.7) | 750 (93.4) | 56 (7.0) | 748 (93.2) | 80 (10.0) | |
| P-value | - | 0.11 | 0.001* | 0.12 | < 0.001* | |
| Sex of the fetus | ||||||
| Boy | 328 (39.5) | 307 (93.6) | 26 (7.9) | 306 (93.3) | 40 (12.2) | |
| Girl | 340 (41.0) | 313 (92.1) | 29 (8.5) | 312 (91.8) | 38 (11.2) | |
|
Unknown at the time of the interview |
162 (19.5) | 153 (94.4) | 9 (5.6) | 153 (94.4) | 13 (8.0) | |
| P-value | - | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.38 | |
| Spacing | ||||||
| < 3 years | 463 (55.8) | 432 (93.3) | 36 (7.8) | 431 (93.1) | 49 (10.6) | |
| >= 3 years | 367 (44.2) | 341 (92.9) | 28 (7.6) | 340 (92.6) | 42 (11.4) | |
| P-value | - | 0.89 | 0.99 | 0.89 | 0.74 | |
Spacing: The duration between the last two pregnancies (if applicable)
*A P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant