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. 2023 Feb 14;14:824. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36561-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Neutralization titers of the sera against the indicated viral variants are expressed as ED50. a. Neutralizing activity of sera from individuals vaccinated with 3 doses of Pfizer vaccine. Sera were sampled at 1 month (left panel; n = 18) and 4 months (right panel; n = 10) after the third dose. b Neutralizing activity of sera from Pfizer-vaccinated recipients after BA.1/BA.2 breakthrough infection. Sera were sampled about 3 months (left panel; n = 16) and 8 months (right panel; n = 13) after the breakthrough. c Neutralizing activity of sera from Pfizer-vaccinated recipients after BA.5 breakthrough infection. Sera were sampled about 2 months after the breakthrough (n = 15). The dotted line indicates the limit of detection (ED50 = 30). Black lines represent the median values. Two-sided Friedman test with Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons was performed between each viral strain at the different time points; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001; ***p < 0.0001; ****p < 0.0001. 1 month post-third dose: D614G versus BA.2.75.2, P < 0.0001; D614G versus BQ.1.1, P < 0.0001; D614G versus BA.4.6, P < 0.0001; BA.1 versus BA.2.75.2, P < 0.0001; BA.1 versus BQ.1.1, P = 0.0005; BA.5 versus BA.2.75.2, P < 0.0001; BA.5 versus BQ.1.1, P = 0.0033. 4 months post-third dose: D614G versus BA.5, P = 0.0152; D614G versus BA.2.75.2, P < 0.0001; D614G versus BQ.1.1, P = 0.0003; D614G versus BA.4.6, P = 0.0025; BA.1 versus BA.2.75.2, P = 0.0123. 3 months post-breakthrough BA.1/2: D614G versus BA.5, P = 0.0034; D614G versus BA.2.75.2, P < 0.0001; D614G versus BQ.1.1, P < 0.0001; D614G versus BA.4.6, P = 0.0071; BA.1 versus BA.2.75.2, P < 0.0001; BA.1 versus BQ.1.1, P < 0.0001. 8 months post-breakthrough BA.1/2: D614G versus BA.5, P = 0.0024; D614G versus BA.2.75.2, P < 0.0001; D614G versus BQ.1.1, P < 0.0001; D614G versus BA.4.6, P = 0.0173; BA.1 versus BA.2.75.2, P < 0.0001; BA.1 versus BQ.1.1, P < 0.0001. 2 months post-breakthrough BA.5: D614G versus BA.1, P = 0.0192; D614G versus BA.2.75.2, P < 0.0001; D614G versus BQ.1.1, P = 0.0009; BA.5 versus BA.2.75.2, P < 0.0001; BA.2.75.2 versus B.4.6, P = 0.0002. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.