Table 3.
Factors independently associated with LTFU among adult PLHIV on ART in the Tanga region
| Study population characteristics | Univariate HR | p-value | Multivariate HR | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 95% CI | 95% CI | |||
| Age group, years | ||||
| 15–24 | 1.51 (1.47–1.55) | 1.85 (1.66–2.07) | < 0.0001 | |
| 25–34 | 1.22 (1.20–1.25) | < 0.0001 | 1.38 (1.28–1.48) | 0.0011 |
| 35–44 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 45–54 | 0.93 (0.91–0.95) | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) | < 0.0001 | |
| 55 + | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | 1.20 (1.11–1.32) | 0.1352 | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | Reference | < 0.0001 | Reference | |
| Male | 0.94 (0.93–0.96) | 2.00 (1.51–2.62) | < .0001 | |
| District | ||||
| Handeni | 1.18 (1.15–1.20) | 0.92 (0.83–1.02) | 0.5184 | |
| Kilindi | 1.38 (1.33–1.43) | 0.58 (0.48–0.70) | < 0.0001 | |
| Korogwe | 1.29 (1.26–1.32) | < 0.0001 | 0.85 (0.76–0.94) | 0.00074 |
| Lushoto | 1.11 (1.08–1.14) | 1.38 (1.25–1.53) | < 0.0001 | |
| Mkinga | 1.14 (1.02–1.18) | 0.41 (0.36–0.46) | < 0.0001 | |
| Muheza | 2.49 (2.44–2.54) | 1.22 (1.12–1.33) | < 0.0001 | |
| Pangani | 1.22 (1.18–1.26) | 2.13 (1.93–2.35) | < 0.0001 | |
| Tanga | Reference | references | ||
| Pregnant status | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1.10 (1.05–1.16) | < 0.0001 | 0.73 (0.63–0.85) | < 0.0001 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Cohabiting | 0.95 (0.90–1.01) | 0.42 (0.35–0.52) | < 0.0001 | |
| Divorced | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | < 0.0001 | 1.35 (1.24–1.48) | < 0.0001 |
| Married | Reference | Reference | ||
| Single | 1.31 (1.29–1.34) | 1.25 (1.17–1.33) | < 0.0001 | |
| Widow | 1.07 (1.04–1.10) | 0.86 (0.76–0.96) | 0.2 | |
| Viral load suppression | ||||
| Suppressed | Reference | < 0.0001 | Reference | < 0.0001 |
| Non-suppressed | 2.30 (2.24–2.37) | 2.15 (2.02–2.29) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| < 18.5 | 1.95 (1.84–2.07) | < 0.0001 | 1.75 (1.30–2.34) | 0.0472 |
| 18.5–< 25 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 25–30 | 1.57 (1.48–1.67) | 1.46 (1.10–1.95) | 0.5589 | |
| 30 + | 1.60 (1.50–1.68) | 1.34 (0.93–1.93) | 0.9229 | |
| WHO clinical stage | ||||
| I | Reference | < 0.0001 | Reference | |
| II | 0.01 (0.88–0.92) | 1.67 (1.52–1.84) | 0.1226 | |
| III | 1.08 (1.06–1.09) | 2.51 (2.32–2.72) | < 0.0001 | |
| IV | 1.18 (1.15–1.21) | 2.24 (2.02–2.49) | < 0.0001 | |
| Drug type | ||||
| First-line | Reference | < 0.0001 | Reference | < 0.0001 |
| Second-line | 1.13 (1.09–1.18) | 1.19 (0.84–1.69) | ||
| Adherence | ||||
| Good | Reference | < 0.0001 | Reference | |
| Poor | 1.75 (1.69–1.82) | 1.50 (1.23–1.75) | < 0.0001 | |
| ART duration | ||||
| ≤ 1 | 1.10 (1.08–1.12) | < 0.0001 | 0.72 (0.65–0.81) | < 0.0001 |
| > 1 | Reference | Reference | ||
| TB history | ||||
| No | Reference | < 0.0001 | Reference | |
| Yes | 1.92 (1.79–2.05) | 1.19 (0.84–1.69) | 0.3187 | |
| DTG-related drug | ||||
| No | 5.80 (4.98–6.64) | < 0.0001 | 7.51 (5.88–10.79) | < 0.0001 |
| Yes | Reference | Reference |